neighbourn.B1
邻居
next-door neighbour · get on with the neighbours
My neighbours are very friendly and often help each other.
我的邻居们很友善，经常互相帮助。
学完能做到
- 读懂关于邻里关系的文章，理解观点与细节
- 听懂关于社区归属的讨论（Section 3对话），抓住关键信息
- 写一篇有逻辑论证的议论文（Task 2），分析原因并提出建议
- 在口语中谈论社区与邻里话题，展开双向讨论
词汇 core 14 · expansion 18 · chunks 6
核心词 core
communityn.B2
社区；群体
local community · sense of community
A strong community makes you feel safe and supported.
一个强大的社区让你感到安全和被支持。
belongingn.B2
归属感
a sense of belonging · feel a belonging to
People need a sense of belonging to be happy.
人们需要归属感才能快乐。
socialisev.B2
社交；交往
socialise with neighbours · socialise regularly
Young people often socialise online rather than in person.
年轻人经常在网上社交，而不是面对面。
interactionn.B2
互动；交流
social interaction · face-to-face interaction
Daily interaction with neighbours can reduce feelings of loneliness.
与邻居的每日互动可以减少孤独感。
trustn.B2
信任
build trust · mutual trust
When neighbours trust each other, the street feels safer.
当邻居互相信任时，街道感觉更安全。
volunteerv./n.B2
志愿（做）；志愿者
volunteer for a local group · a volunteer organisation
Many residents volunteer at the community garden every weekend.
许多居民每个周末都在社区花园做志愿者。
isolationn.B2
孤立；与世隔绝
social isolation · feelings of isolation
Working from home can sometimes lead to social isolation.
在家工作有时会导致社交孤立。
contributev.B2
贡献；出力
contribute to the community · contribute time or money
Everyone can contribute in small ways to make the neighbourhood better.
每个人都可以通过小事为改善邻里做贡献。
supportv./n.B1
支持；帮助
emotional support · support each other
Neighbours can offer practical support during difficult times.
困难时期邻居可以提供实际帮助。
residentn.B2
居民
local residents · a residents' association
The residents' association organises regular events for elderly people.
居民协会定期为老年人组织活动。
neighbourhoodn.B2
街区；邻里
a friendly neighbourhood · the whole neighbourhood
My neighbourhood is quiet and has plenty of green spaces.
我住的那个街区安静且绿化多。
connectionn.B2
联系；关系
strengthen connections · a personal connection
People sometimes lack a real connection with their neighbours.
人们有时缺乏与邻居的真正联系。
participatev.B2
参加
participate in community events · encourage residents to participate
Only a few residents participate in the annual street party.
只有少数居民参加一年一度的街头派对。
扩展词库 expansion
caringadj.B1
乐于助人的；关心他人的
a caring community
supportiveadj.B2
支持的；给予帮助的
a supportive neighbour
friendlyadj.A2
友好的
a friendly community
inclusiveadj.C1
包容的
an inclusive environment
welcomingadj.B2
热情的；欢迎的
a welcoming community
diverseadj.B2
多样化的
a diverse neighbourhood
bondn.B2
纽带；联系
strong bonds
commonadj.B1
共同的
common interests
sharedadj.B1
共享的
a shared space
lonelinessn.B2
孤独
feelings of loneliness
safetyn.B1
安全
a sense of safety
well-beingn.B2
幸福；安康
improve well-being
facilityn.B2
设施
local facilities
green spacen.B1
绿地
public green spaces
public transportn.A2
公共交通
use public transport
suburbanadj.B2
郊区的
a suburban area
urbanadj.B2
城市的
an urban neighbourhood
tenantn.C1
租户
a tenant in a flat
词块 / 生存短语 chunks
sense of community社区感
A strong sense of community makes people happier.
强烈的社区感让人更快乐。
social ties社会纽带
Social ties in many neighbourhoods have weakened over the years.
许多街区的社会纽带多年来已经减弱。
keep an eye on留意；照看
Neighbours often keep an eye on each other's houses while they are away.
邻里间经常在外出时互相照看房子。
lend a hand帮忙
Our elderly neighbour is always ready to lend a hand with gardening.
我们那位年长的邻居总是乐意帮忙做园艺。
close-knit community紧密团结的社区
Small villages often have close-knit communities where everyone knows each other.
小村庄往往有紧密团结的社区，人人都认识。
build bridges建立联系；消除隔阂
Local events help build bridges between neighbours from different backgrounds.
本地活动有助于在不同背景的邻居间建立联系。
语法 语言升级点
Nominalisation (introduction)B2
使写作更正式、更客观；常用于主题句或表达抽象概念
将动词或形容词转换为名词形式（如 discuss → discussion, important → importance）
名词化是学术写作的一大特征。例如不说 「People communicate less with neighbours」，而说 「The decline in communication between neighbours is a key issue.」。本课开始接触这一技巧，但不必滥用。
例句
The lack of interaction among neighbours has led to weaker community ties.
邻里间互动的缺乏导致了社区纽带的弱化。
The development of social media has changed how we connect.
社交媒体的发展改变了我们联系的方式。
常见错误
✗ The increase of people work longer hours is a reason. → ✓ The increase in working hours is a reason.
名词化后要用名词形式 (working hours) 而不是动词。
↑ 提分：再高一档可搭配复杂后置修饰（the growing tendency for people to rely on...）
Cohesive devices: nevertheless, furthermoreB2
nevertheless 表示「尽管如此」，用于让步后回到主要观点；furthermore 表示「此外」，用于添加论据
连接副词，用于对比（nevertheless）或递进（furthermore），通常放在句首后接逗号，或句中前后用分号/句号
在议论文中，这些词能让论证更有层次。注意 nevertheless 比 however 语气更强，furthermore 比 moreover 更正式。
例句
Many people work long hours; nevertheless, they still find time to help in the community.
许多人工作时间很长，尽管如此，他们仍抽出时间在社区里帮忙。
Community centres provide a place to meet. Furthermore, they offer classes that bring residents together.
社区中心提供见面的场所。此外，它们还提供各种课程让居民聚在一起。
常见错误
✗ He was tired, nevertheless he finished the work. → ✓ He was tired; nevertheless, he finished the work.
连接副词不能用逗号连接句子，需用分号或另起一句。
↑ 提分：再高一档可将这些词更灵活地嵌入段落，例如用 「despite this」 或 「in addition to this」 等变化表达。
阅读 Reading general interest
Are We Losing the Neighbourly Spirit?
For generations, strong neighbourhoods were built on daily contact: a chat over the fence, children playing together in the street, and parents keeping an eye on each other's houses. However, research suggests that such neighbourly traditions are in decline. A recent survey found that one in four people do not know the names of their next-door neighbours, and one in three have never had a conversation with anyone on their street that lasted longer than ten minutes.
Several factors have been blamed for this change. Modern lifestyles are busier than in the past, with longer working hours and longer commutes leaving little time for casual social contact. The rise of digital entertainment means that many people spend their evenings at home online rather than outdoors. Furthermore, fewer families now live in the same area for many years, so it is more difficult to build lasting connections.
Despite these trends, many communities are fighting back. Street parties, community gardens, and local volunteer groups are becoming popular again. In one area, residents set up a WhatsApp group for the whole street, and now neighbours borrow tools, share information, and even organise group walks. 'Technology is often seen as part of the problem,' says community worker Jane Hopkins, 'but it can also be part of the solution if used to bring people together.'
Whether the sense of community can be fully restored is unclear. Nevertheless, experts agree that even small efforts, such as smiling at a passer-by or offering to feed a neighbour's cat, can make a real difference.
neighbourly友善睦邻的in decline在衰退casual非正式的；随意的
TFNG1.The survey showed that 25% of people do not know their neighbours' names.
✅ TRUE — 原文 one in four people do not know the names of their next-door neighbours，即四分之一，25%。
TFNG2.Longer commutes have made it easier for people to talk to their neighbours.
✅ FALSE — 原文 longer working hours and longer commutes leaving little time for casual social contact，通勤长让人们没时间社交。
MCQ3.What is the main reason mentioned for fewer families building lasting connections?
- A They do not want to talk to neighbours.
- B They move house more often.
- C They prefer online entertainment.
- D They work too much.
✅ B — 原文 fewer families now live in the same area for many years，说明人们搬家更频繁。
gap_fill4.Residents in one area now use a ___ group to stay connected.
✅ WhatsApp — 原文 set up a WhatsApp group for the whole street。
MCQ5.What is the writer's overall message in the last paragraph?
- A Strong communities are impossible to rebuild.
- B Technology is the only solution.
- C Even small actions can help to rebuild community spirit.
- D The problem is not as serious as people think.
✅ C — 最后一句 even small efforts ... can make a real difference。
💡 技巧：通用文章常先描述现象，再分析原因，最后给建议。读题时先定位关键词，注意同义替换（如 25% = one in four）。TFNG 题注意区分 FALSE（矛盾）和 NOT GIVEN（未提及）。
听力 Listening Section 3 · UK
情景：两名社会学专业学生正在讨论关于社区归属感的调查（Section 3 对话）
Tom
Hey, Clara. I've been reading the survey results on community belonging. Did you see the figures?
Clara
Yes, I did. It's quite surprising that only 30% of people feel a strong sense of belonging to their local area.
Tom
And the number goes down to 18 percent among 18 to 24-year-olds. I guess they move house more often, so they don't put down roots.
Clara
That could be a factor. Also, many young people socialise online rather than face to face, which may reduce physical interaction with neighbours.
Tom
The report mentioned that areas with community centres and parks had 25 percent higher rates of neighbour interaction. So maybe it's partly about having the right facilities.
Clara
Good point. But the survey also found that 40 percent of residents didn't even know if there was a community centre in their area, so lack of information is part of the problem.
Tom
We could use that in our presentation. Maybe suggest a local newsletter or a social media page.
Clara
Right. And I noticed another interesting detail: 60 percent of people who attend local events at least once a month say they trust their neighbours, compared to only 35 percent who never attend.
gap_fill1.The percentage of people with a strong sense of belonging to their local area is ___%.
✅ 30 / thirty — Clara说 only 30% of people feel a strong sense of belonging...
gap_fill2.Among 18–24-year-olds, the figure drops to ___%.
✅ 18 / eighteen — Tom说 goes down to 18 percent among 18 to 24-year-olds。
MCQ3.According to the report, what is ONE factor that increases neighbour interaction?
- A Having good weather
- B Having community centres and parks
- C Having younger residents
- D Having local shops
✅ B — areas with community centres and parks had 25 percent higher rates of neighbour interaction。
gap_fill4.The survey found that ___% of residents were unaware of any community centre in their area.
✅ 40 / forty — 40 percent of residents didn't even know if there was a community centre...
MCQ5.What did Clara suggest the problem partly is?
- A lack of time
- B lack of information
- C lack of money
- D lack of interest
✅ B — Clara说 lack of information is part of the problem。
💡 技巧：Section 3 是学术讨论，常含数据和因果分析。听前快速看题预测数字或名词。数字题可能改写（30 percent 可能读作 thirty per cent），注意 percent 与 percentage 的区别。留意说话人态度和总结句。
写作 Writing Task 2 (essay) · 目标 250 词
In many places, people have become less connected with their neighbours than in the past. What are the reasons for this? What can be done to improve the situation?
It is true that in many modern societies, the close connections that once existed between neighbours have weakened. There are several reasons for this trend, but I believe that certain practical steps can help rebuild a sense of community.
One major reason is the change in our lifestyles. People are busier than before, often working long hours and commuting long distances. As a result, they have less free time to spend in their local area, let alone to get to know their neighbours. Furthermore, the rise of home entertainment and social media means that people can relax without leaving the house, which reduces face-to-face interactions.
Another factor is that society has become more mobile. Many people rent flats rather than buy homes, and they move house more frequently. When residents come and go, it becomes harder to build lasting social ties. In addition, younger generations often feel that they can meet their social needs online, so they do not see the need to connect with their neighbours.
Turning to solutions, local authorities and resident groups can organise events that encourage people to meet. Street parties, community gardening days, and festivals do not require much money but can bring people together. Moreover, technology, which is often seen as part of the problem, can actually help. For instance, a neighbourhood WhatsApp group or a local Facebook page allows residents to share information and offer help to one another.
In conclusion, while modern life has certainly made it harder to maintain neighbourly connections, this trend is not impossible to reverse. By organising local activities and making use of digital tools, we can help people feel more connected to the communities where they live.
逐句标注
任务“the close connections that once existed between neighbours have weakened”引言直接回应题目，承认现象。
衔接“Furthermore, the rise of home entertainment ...”使用 furthermore 增加论证层次，衔接清晰。
语法“As a result, they have less free time to spend in their local area, let alone to get to know their neighbours.”用了 as a result 和 let alone 结构，句式复杂。
语法“residents can organise events that encourage people to meet”关系代词 that 引导定语从句。
语法“Moreover, technology, which is often seen as part of the problem, can actually help.”非限定性定语从句修饰 technology，名词化结构 seen as... 体现正式度。
词汇“face-to-face interactions”恰当的话题词汇。
🎯 本档语言特征：四段结构回应 question 的 both parts；每段有主题句和展开；用了 nevertheless/furthermore/moreover 等衔接词；主动尝试名词化（the rise of..., the change in...）；词汇搭配恰当。整体达7分水平，论证清晰。
↑ 再上一档：再高分数需要更抽象表达：例如将 「People are busier」 改为 「The increasing demands of modern work have eroded social time」；使用更多名词化（the erosion of social time）并减少小错误。
口语 Speaking
Part 1
Q: Do you know your neighbours well?
I know a few of them quite well, especially the families that live next door. We often say hello and sometimes borrow things from each other. But there are also people on my street that I've never spoken to, which is a bit sad.
💡 先给直接回答，再说明不同情况，用 which 从句评论。
Q: What do you think makes a good neighbour?
For me, a good neighbour is someone who is friendly but respects your privacy. They might keep an eye on your house while you're away, but they don't interfere too much. It's a balance between being helpful and giving each other space.
💡 用 For me 开头，用定语从句扩展，最后总结平衡观点。
Part 2 · 提示卡
Describe a time when you helped a neighbour. You should say: who you helped; what you did to help; why this person needed help; and explain how you felt after helping them.
I'd like to talk about a time last winter when I helped my elderly neighbour, Mrs Taylor. She lives alone, and one evening she knocked on my door looking quite worried because her heating had stopped working. Since she doesn't have any family nearby, I offered to take a look. I'm not an expert, but I managed to reset the boiler and get it working again. She was extremely grateful and insisted on giving me some homemade cake. What I remember most was how relieved she looked, and it made me realise how a small act can mean so much to someone. After that, I started checking on her more often, and we've become quite good friends. I felt really satisfied, not just because I fixed the problem, but because it strengthened our neighbourly bond.
💡 四点全覆盖；用过去时态，有细节，情感流露自然。结构完整，适合2分钟。
Part 3
Q: Why do you think some people do not get to know their neighbours these days?
I think there are several reasons. Firstly, people's schedules are so packed that they hardly have time to chat casually. Secondly, with the internet, people feel they don't need local connections to stay entertained or informed. Nevertheless, I believe many people still value real-world relationships if they have the chance to build them.
💡 列举原因，用 nevertheless 回到正面观点，展示论证能力。
Q: Do you think technology can help improve neighbourly relations?
Absolutely. While technology is often blamed for isolating people, I think it can actually bring neighbours together if used correctly. For example, neighbourhood online groups can help people share information, lend tools, or organise events. That said, technology should complement face-to-face contact, not replace it.
💡 先明确表态，用 while 让步，举实例，最后用 That said 平衡观点。
高频短语
strike a balance between ... and ... — 在…与…之间取得平衡
let alone — 更别提
That said, ... — 话虽如此
应试策略
读写结合：Task2 段落展开时，先主题句，再解释/举例，再用连接词推进，最后小总结。听力注意学术讨论的结构（提问—数据—分析—建议）。口语保持流利，用连词增加连贯性。
本档提分建议
从6.5到7.5：① 写作和口语中更多使用名词化，使表达更紧凑；② 避免滥用 however，尝试 nevertheless 和 nonetheless；③ 口语中展现主动交流能力，例如给出 personal example 或反问互动；④ 阅读听力注意抓住作者态度和言外之意。