environmentn.B1
自然环境
protect the environment · harm the environment
We all need to do more to protect the environment.
我们都需做更多来保护环境。
学完能做到
- 写正式建议/申诉信
- 提出可行建议
词汇 core 14 · expansion 18 · chunks 6
核心词 core
pollutionn.B1
污染
air pollution · reduce pollution
Air pollution is a serious problem in many cities.
空气污染是许多城市的严重问题。
recyclev.A2
回收利用
recycle waste · recycle paper
We should recycle as much as possible.
我们应该尽可能多地回收利用。
wasten.B1
废弃物，垃圾
household waste · reduce waste
The amount of household waste is increasing every year.
生活垃圾的数量每年都在增加。
littern.B1
乱扔的垃圾
drop litter · litter bin
People who drop litter will be fined.
乱扔垃圾的人会被罚款。
binn.A2
垃圾桶
rubbish bin · recycling bin
Please put your empty bottles in the recycling bin.
请把空瓶子放进回收垃圾桶。
counciln.B1
市政委员会，地方议会
local council · city council
The council is responsible for waste collection.
市政委员会负责垃圾收集。
suggestv.B1
建议
suggest a solution · suggest that
I suggest that the council provide more bins in the park.
我建议市政委员会在公园多设些垃圾桶。
improvev.B1
改善
improve the situation · improve the environment
These measures will improve the quality of our local environment.
这些措施会改善我们当地环境的质量。
reducev.B1
减少
reduce waste · reduce pollution
We must reduce the amount of plastic we use.
我们必须减少塑料的使用量。
increasev.B1
增加
increase recycling · increase awareness
The council aims to increase recycling rates.
市政委员会力求提高回收率。
banv.B2
禁止
ban single-use plastics · ban smoking
The government has decided to ban plastic bags.
政府已决定禁止塑料袋。
plasticn./adj.A2
塑料
plastic waste · plastic bottle
Plastic pollution is a global issue.
塑料污染是一个全球性问题。
reusev.B1
重复使用
reuse items · reuse containers
Try to reuse shopping bags instead of throwing them away.
尝试重复使用购物袋，而不是扔掉它们。
扩展词库 expansion
landfilln.B2
垃圾填埋场
go to landfill · reduce landfill waste
emissionn.B2
排放物
carbon emissions · reduce emissions
climate changen.B1
气候变化
fight climate change · the effects of climate change
global warmingn.B1
全球变暖
contribute to global warming · slow global warming
sustainableadj.B2
可持续的
sustainable development · sustainable energy
renewableadj.B2
可再生的
renewable energy · renewable resources
conservationn.B2
保护（自然资源）
environmental conservation · energy conservation
ecosystemn.B2
生态系统
damage ecosystems · protect ecosystems
wildlifen.B1
野生动植物
protect wildlife · local wildlife
habitatn.B2
栖息地
natural habitat · destroy habitats
deforestationn.B2
砍伐森林
cause deforestation · tackle deforestation
carbon footprintn.B2
碳足迹
reduce your carbon footprint · a large carbon footprint
initiativen.B2
倡议，新方案
environmental initiative · local initiative
finen./v.B1
罚款
pay a fine · be fined for
householdadj.B1
家庭的
household waste · household items
disposableadj.B2
一次性的
disposable cups · disposable packaging
biodegradableadj.B2
可生物降解的
biodegradable materials · biodegradable bags
dumpingn.B2
非法倾倒
illegal dumping · fly-tipping
词块 / 生存短语 chunks
take action采取行动
We must take action to protect our planet.
我们必须采取行动来保护我们的星球。
cut down on削减，减少
We should cut down on our use of plastic.
我们应减少塑料的使用。
get rid of扔掉，去除
It is difficult to get rid of all the old furniture.
很难扔掉所有旧家具。
play a part起作用，参与
Everyone can play a part in reducing pollution.
每个人都能为减少污染出一份力。
make a difference有影响，起重要作用
Small changes can make a big difference to the environment.
微小的改变可以对环境产生重大影响。
long-term长期的
We need long-term solutions, not quick fixes.
我们需要长期的解决方案，而不是权宜之计。
语法 语言升级点
Suggesting with 'should' and subjunctiveB2
正式地提出建议，语气礼貌而有力。常用于书信、报告等。
I suggest that... + (should) + 动词原形
用 I suggest that... 或 It is recommended that... 后接动词原形（可省略 should）。在正式建议中非常实用，能展示语法范围。注意英式英语中 should 常用，美式可能省去。
例句
I suggest that the council install more recycling bins in public areas.
我建议市政委员会在公共场所安装更多回收桶。
It is recommended that the government introduce stricter fines for littering.
建议政府对乱扔垃圾实施更严厉的罚款。
常见错误
✗ I suggest to take action. → ✓ I suggest taking action. / I suggest that we take action.
suggest 后不接不定式 to do，可接动名词或 that 从句。
↑ 提分：更高层级可用 require/request 引导虚拟语气：We request that the council consider our proposal promptly.
wish / if onlyB2
表达对现状的不满、愿望，或对过去的遗憾。If only 语气更强烈。
wish + 过去式 (现在/将来愿望); wish + 过去完成式 (过去遗憾); if only + 同样结构
wish 后面要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。谈论现在或将来用过去式：I wish people recycled more. 谈论过去用过去完成式：I wish I had started recycling earlier. if only 用法相同，但情感更饱满。
例句
I wish more people cared about the environment.
我真希望更多人关心环境。
If only we had known about the recycling scheme sooner.
我们要是早点知道那个回收计划就好了。
常见错误
✗ I wish I am more careful with waste. → ✓ I wish I were/was more careful with waste.
wish 后用过去式表虚拟，am 是一般现在。
↑ 提分：可加上 would 表对他人习惯的愿望：I wish people wouldn't drop litter everywhere. 更显地道。
阅读 Reading notice
Community Recycling Centre: New Rules
GREENBANK COMMUNITY RECYCLING CENTRE
From 1st October, new rules will apply at the Greenbank Recycling Centre. These changes are being made to improve safety and increase the amount of waste that can be recycled.
Opening hours will be extended: the centre will now be open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m., Monday to Saturday, and 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Sundays. Please note that you must arrive at least 15 minutes before closing time, as the gates will be locked promptly.
Residents are now required to sort their waste before arriving. There will be separate bins for paper, glass, plastics, and general waste. Staff will be on hand to help, but if your waste is not sorted, you may be asked to leave and return later.
Please remember that certain items, such as paint, chemicals, and large electrical appliances, cannot be accepted. These must be taken to the special hazardous waste collection point on Mill Road (open Tuesdays and Fridays, 9 a.m.–5 p.m.).
Finally, we ask all users to drive slowly on the site and follow the signs. Children and pets must remain in vehicles at all times.
The council thanks you for your cooperation.
promptly立刻，准时hazardous有害的，危险的
TFNG1.The centre will close at 6 p.m. every day of the week.
✅ FALSE — 周日开放时间不同：10 a.m. to 4 p.m.，并非每天都是6点关闭。
gap_fill2.Visitors must arrive no later than ___ minutes before closing.
✅ 15 — 原文：arrive at least 15 minutes before closing time。
TFNG3.Staff will help residents sort their waste.
✅ TRUE — Staff will be on hand to help.
MCQ4.Where should residents take old paint?
- A the main recycling centre
- B the Mill Road collection point
- C the general waste bin
✅ B — Paint 属于 hazardous waste，需送到 Mill Road。
💡 技巧：告示通常包含多个时间、地点和规则。先扫读题目关键词，再到文中快速定位，注意数字、专有名词和禁令（must not/cannot）。
听力 Listening Section 1 · UK
情景：居民打电话给市议会，询问大件垃圾回收事宜
Receptionist
Good morning, Greenbank Council. How can I help?
Caller
Hello, I'd like to arrange a collection for my old sofa. Can I book that by phone?
Receptionist
Yes, of course. They collect large items on Thursdays. Could I take your name and address?
Caller
It's Sarah Jones, 15 Oak Street.
Receptionist
Thank you. How many items do you need collecting?
Caller
Just the one: a three-seater sofa.
Receptionist
Okay. There is a charge of £15 for this service. You'll need to leave the sofa outside your house by 7 a.m. on the day.
Caller
That's fine. So it will be collected this coming Thursday?
Receptionist
Yes, if you book before 3 p.m. today. We'll send you a confirmation text.
Caller
Great, thank you.
gap_fill1.Large items are collected on ___ each week.
✅ Thursdays — 原文：They collect large items on Thursdays。
gap_fill2.The service costs £___ for one item.
✅ 15 — a charge of £15 for this service。
gap_fill3.The sofa must be left outside by ___ a.m. on collection day.
✅ 7 — leave the sofa outside your house by 7 a.m. on the day。
MCQ4.What must the caller do to ensure collection this Thursday?
- A pay by credit card
- B book before 3 p.m.
- C send a text
✅ B — if you book before 3 p.m. today。
💡 技巧：Section 1 多为日常服务对话，题目常为数字、日期和时间。听前划出问题中的关键词（如 collected on, costs, by ___ a.m.），捕捉同义改写。
写作 Writing Task 1 (letter)（formal） · 目标 170 词
You have noticed that the local park near your house has a lot of rubbish and the bins are often overflowing. Write a letter to the local council. In your letter · describe the situation · explain why this is a problem · suggest what the council should do
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to bring to your attention the poor condition of Greenfield Park, which is located near my home on Oak Street.
Over the past few weeks, I have observed that rubbish is frequently left on the grass and around the benches. The bins provided are clearly insufficient, as they are almost always full by midday. Moreover, I have noticed that some people drop litter without hesitation, which makes the situation worse.
This issue is problematic for several reasons. Firstly, it creates an unpleasant environment for families and children who wish to enjoy the park. Secondly, the overflowing bins attract pests and can cause hygiene problems. If this continues, it could discourage local residents from using the park altogether.
I would therefore suggest that the council takes immediate action. It would be helpful if more bins were installed, particularly near the playground and picnic area. I also recommend that the council considers introducing a regular litter collection on weekends, when the park is busiest. Additionally, some signs encouraging people to dispose of their rubbish properly might make a real difference.
I hope you will consider these suggestions. I look forward to your response.
Yours faithfully,
John Smith
逐句标注
任务“I am writing to bring to your attention the poor condition of Greenfield Park”开篇点明写信目的，符合正式信函要求。
衔接“The bins provided are clearly insufficient, as they are almost always full by midday.”用 as 引导原因，衔接自然。
词汇“it creates an unpleasant environment... attract pests and can cause hygiene problems”话题词汇丰富（unpleasant environment, hygiene problems），贴合环境主题。
语法“I would therefore suggest that the council takes immediate action.”使用正式建议句式 suggest that，展示语法结构。
语法“If this continues, it could discourage local residents from using the park altogether.”第一条件句，表达可能后果。
语法“It would be helpful if more bins were installed”二类条件（would be + 过去式）表达建议，增加语法多样性。
语法“I also recommend that the council considers introducing a regular litter collection”使用推荐句式 recommend that，与 suggest that 呼应。
🎯 本档语言特征：信函结构完整（目的—问题—建议—结尾）；语域正式得体；话题词汇使用恰当（overflowing bins, hygiene problems, dispose of rubbish）；语法范围达B2（条件句、虚拟语气建议句式、被动）；衔接手段多样（moreover, additionally, therefore）。整体接近7分。
↑ 再上一档：若向7.5+提升，可增加更精炼的名词化表达（The accumulation of waste has become a matter of concern），并适当使用倒装或强调结构（Not only does this affect... but it also...）。
口语 Speaking
Part 1
Q: Do you think it's important to protect the environment?
Absolutely. Without a healthy environment, we would not be able to survive. Every small action, like recycling or saving energy, can make a difference if enough people join in.
💡 先直接回答，再用二类条件（would not）和例子展开。
Q: What do you do to help the environment?
I try to reduce my use of plastic, for instance by carrying a reusable water bottle. I also recycle as much as possible and switch off lights when I leave a room. It's not much, but I believe every effort counts.
💡 用例子具体说明，结尾用 it's not much, but... 展示自谦和观点。
Part 2 · 提示卡
Describe an environmental problem in your area. You should say: - what it is - how it affects people - what the causes are and explain what you think could be done about it.
I'd like to talk about the issue of litter in my local park. It's a small park, but it's very popular with families. Unfortunately, on weekends, you often see plastic bottles, sweet wrappers, and even broken glass on the ground.
This affects people in several ways. Firstly, it makes the park look untidy and unpleasant. Parents worry about their children getting hurt by sharp objects, and families might choose to go elsewhere. It's such a shame because it's a lovely spot otherwise.
The main cause is that there are simply not enough bins. The ones we have are often full by lunchtime, so people end up leaving their rubbish on the benches. Also, I think some people lack awareness or just don't care enough.
To improve the situation, I believe the council should install more bins and empty them more frequently, especially at busy times. Organising a local clean-up day could also raise awareness and encourage a sense of community responsibility. If everyone did a little, the problem could be solved.
💡 四点全部覆盖；使用因果关系、建议句式；情感表达自然（It's such a shame）；词汇恰当（untidy, unpleasant, awareness, community responsibility）；足够展开至2分钟。
Part 3
Q: What can individuals do to reduce pollution?
Individuals can do a lot, actually. Simple things like using public transport instead of driving, or cutting down on single-use plastics, can reduce pollution. I also think people should be more mindful about what they throw away and try to recycle properly. Small lifestyle changes can add up.
💡 列举具体行动，用 actually 自然开场，结尾总结。
Q: Should the government invest more in renewable energy?
Yes, I strongly believe so. Renewable energy sources like solar and wind power are much cleaner than fossil fuels. If governments invested more, they could help reduce carbon emissions and create jobs. In the long term, it's not only good for the environment but also for the economy.
💡 明确立场；使用二类条件（If... invested... could help）；提到长远好处。
高频短语
It's such a shame... — 表达遗憾（情感投入）
If everyone did a little, ... — 提出解决方案时鼓励集体行动
In the long term, ... — 引导出长期后果/利益
应试策略
6.5分写作需确保格式正确（正式信函称呼、结尾），内容切题并分段清晰；语法上主动使用课堂语法点；口语中展示虚拟语气与建议句式，丰富时态；阅读听力注意同义替换与定位关键词。
本档提分建议
要达到7.0，需在6.5基础上进一步减少小错，灵活运用更多复杂结构（倒装、强调），词汇搭配更地道精准，段落间衔接更流畅自然。