environmentn.B1
环境
protect the environment · environment-friendly
We all have a responsibility to protect the environment.
我们都有责任保护环境。
学完能做到
- 就城市规划表达看法
- 用比较结构论证
词汇 core 14 · expansion 18 · chunks 6
核心词 core
pollutionn.B1
污染
air pollution · reduce pollution
Air pollution is a serious problem in many large cities.
空气污染在很多大城市都是一个严重的问题。
urbanadj.B2
城市的
urban area · urban planning
Urban areas often lack sufficient green spaces.
城市区域常常缺乏足够的绿地。
ruraladj.B2
乡村的
rural area · rural life
Many people move from rural areas to cities for work.
许多人从乡村搬到城市工作。
green spacen. phr.B2
绿地
create green spaces · open green space
The city plans to create more green spaces for residents.
该市计划为居民创造更多的绿地。
parkn.A2
公园
city park · national park
The children love playing in the park after school.
孩子们喜欢放学后在公园里玩。
treen.A1
树
plant trees · tree-lined street
Planting trees is a simple way to improve the local environment.
种树是改善当地环境的一个简单方法。
wasten./v.B1
废物；浪费
household waste · waste energy
Reducing household waste is an important step towards a cleaner city.
减少家庭垃圾是迈向更清洁城市的重要一步。
recyclev.B1
回收利用
recycle waste · recycling bin
We should all make an effort to recycle paper, glass, and plastic.
我们都应该努力回收纸张、玻璃和塑料。
wildlifen.B2
野生动物
protect wildlife · local wildlife
The new nature reserve will help protect local wildlife.
这个新的自然保护区将有助于保护当地的野生动物。
reducev.B1
减少
reduce pollution · reduce waste
We need to take steps to reduce our impact on the environment.
我们需要采取措施减少对环境的影响。
improvev.A2
改善
improve the environment · improve air quality
Green spaces can improve the quality of life in urban areas.
绿地可以改善城市地区的生活质量。
benefitn.A2
好处
health benefits · environmental benefits
The health benefits of spending time in nature are well known.
亲近自然对健康的好处是众所周知的。
protectv.B1
保护
protect the environment · protect wildlife
It is our duty to protect the planet for future generations.
为后代保护地球是我们的责任。
扩展词库 expansion
atmospheren.B2
大气；气氛
the atmosphere · a relaxed atmosphere
carbon dioxiden. phr.B2
二氧化碳
carbon dioxide emissions
climate changen. phr.B1
气候变化
fight climate change
eco-friendlyadj.B2
环保的
eco-friendly products
emissionn.B2
排放
carbon emissions · reduce emissions
endangeredadj.B2
濒危的
endangered species
habitatn.B2
栖息地
natural habitat · destroy habitats
litterv./n.B2
乱扔垃圾；垃圾
litter the streets · drop litter
organicadj.B2
有机的
organic food · organic waste
oxygenn.B1
氧气
produce oxygen · oxygen levels
plantn./v.A2
植物；种植
plant trees · green plants
preservev.B2
保护，保存
preserve nature · preserve wildlife
resourcen.B2
资源
natural resources · energy resources
speciesn.B2
物种
plant species · endangered species
sustainableadj.B2
可持续的
sustainable development
toxicadj.B2
有毒的
toxic chemicals · toxic waste
vegetationn.B2
植被
dense vegetation · natural vegetation
conservationn.B2
保护
conservation area · energy conservation
词块 / 生存短语 chunks
cut down on减少
We need to cut down on the amount of plastic we use.
我们需要减少塑料的使用量。
in danger of处于…危险
Many species are in danger of extinction due to habitat loss.
由于栖息地丧失，许多物种处于灭绝的危险之中。
put pressure on施加压力
Rapid urbanisation puts pressure on existing green spaces.
快速的城市化给现有的绿地带来了压力。
make a difference有影响
Even small changes can make a big difference to the environment.
即使是小的改变也能对环境产生很大的影响。
lead to导致
Pollution can lead to serious health problems.
污染可能导致严重的健康问题。
take action采取行动
It's time to take action to protect our planet.
是时候采取行动保护我们的地球了。
语法 语言升级点
The more... the more...B2
表示两个事物同时变化，一个因素的程度越高，另一个也越高。
The + 比较级 + 主语 + 动词, the + 比较级 + 主语 + 动词
这是一种比较结构，强调因果或相关联的变化。用于议论文中论证观点很有力。例如：The more green space a city has, the healthier its citizens tend to be. 注意比较级要用正确，主句可不倒装。
例句
The more trees we plant, the cleaner the air will be.
我们种的树越多，空气就会越干净。
The less waste we produce, the smaller our environmental footprint.
我们产生的垃圾越少，我们的环境足迹就越小。
常见错误
✗ The more we recycle, the less pollution. → ✓ The more we recycle, the less pollution there will be.
第二个分句需要完整的句法，加上 there will be 才完整。
↑ 提分：再高一档可加入比较级的复杂修饰，如：The more effectively we manage our resources, the more likely we are to achieve long-term sustainability.
Participial phrases as adverbialsB2
提供背景、原因或条件，使句子更简洁，书面语常见。
现在分词/过去分词短语 + , + 主句 (主语一致)
分词短语可以替换状语从句，让写作更紧凑。常见用法：Looking at the data, we can see...；Given the benefits, it is clear that...。注意分词动作的逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。
例句
Given their wide-ranging benefits, green spaces deserve our attention.
鉴于其广泛的好处，绿地值得我们关注。
Walking through the park, you can feel a real sense of peace.
走过公园时，你能感受到一种真正的宁静。
常见错误
✗ Looking out of the window, the park was beautiful. → ✓ Looking out of the window, I found the park beautiful.
分词短语 Looking 的逻辑主语必须是 I，所以主句主语不能是 the park。
↑ 提分：再高一档可使用独立主格结构，如：With pollution levels rising, governments need to act more decisively.
阅读 Reading council report
Council Report on Urban Green Spaces
CITY COUNCIL REPORT — GREEN SPACES IN FAIRFAX
A recent council investigation has looked at the availability of parks and green areas across Fairfax. The results show that only 18% of the city is currently classified as green space, which is well below the national target of 25%. Residents in the north and east have particularly limited access to parks.
The report recommends three main actions. First, the council should purchase land in underserved areas to create new parks. Second, existing woodlands within the city boundary must be protected from development. Third, a programme of planting trees along all main roads should begin immediately, with the aim of improving air quality and providing more shade during summer.
The council is also advised to work closely with local community groups. Volunteers could help with the initial planting and long-term maintenance of these green areas. A public meeting to discuss these plans will be held on 20 September at the Civic Hall.
underserved服务不足的woodlands林地maintenance维护，保养
TFNG1.The current percentage of green space in Fairfax is higher than the national target.
✅ FALSE — 原文明确说 18% is well below the national target of 25%，所以是低于，不是高于。
MCQ2.According to the report, what is one of the recommended actions?
- A to close some existing parks
- B to build houses in woodlands
- C to plant trees along main roads
- D to reduce the number of volunteers
✅ C — 原文第三段提到 a programme of planting trees along all main roads should begin immediately。
gap_fill3.The council is advised to work with local community groups, and volunteers could help with planting and ___ of the green areas.
✅ long-term maintenance — 最后一段第一句 Volunteers could help with the initial planting and long-term maintenance。
matching4.Match each action with its purpose: 1. Create new parks → ___ ; 2. Protect existing woodlands → ___ ; 3. Plant trees along roads → ___ .
- P: provide shade and clean air
- Q: give more people access to green space
- R: prevent the loss of natural areas
✅ 1-Q, 2-R, 3-P — 第一段提到 underserved areas need new parks，所以是Q；第二段 protect existing woodlands 防止开发，所以是R；第三段 planting trees 为了 improve air quality and provide shade，所以是P。
💡 技巧：地方报告通常按照问题-建议的结构组织。先扫读题目明确要寻找的信息类型（数字、地点、建议），再回原文定位同义改写。比如 national target 对应原文的 national target；work closely with 对应 work with。
听力 Listening Section 2 · US
情景：市政厅工作人员介绍 River Park 改造计划 (Section 2 独白)
Project Manager
Good morning, and thank you for coming. I'm excited to share plans for the renovation of River Park.
Project Manager
This project is being paid for by a grant from the state government. Work will start on July 1st and should be finished by November.
Project Manager
We're planning to add a children's playground, a dog park, and a community garden where locals can grow vegetables.
Project Manager
Over 500 trees will be planted along the river walk. We're looking for volunteers to help with this, especially in late summer.
Project Manager
During construction, the park will be partly closed, but the main entrance on Oak Street remains open. Please use that entrance if you visit.
Project Manager
If you'd like to volunteer, you can sign up at the community centre or on our website. Thank you for your support.
gap_fill1.The renovation is being paid for by a grant from the ___.
✅ state government — 第二句明确提到 a grant from the state government。
gap_fill2.One of the new facilities will be a ___ where people can grow vegetables.
✅ community garden — 原文提到 a community garden where locals can grow vegetables。
gap_fill3.Construction is expected to be completed by ___.
✅ November — finished by November。
gap_fill4.Volunteers can sign up at the community centre or on the ___.
✅ website — 原文 you can sign up at the community centre or on our website。
MCQ5.During construction, which entrance will remain open?
- A Oak Street entrance
- B River Walk entrance
- C Park Lane entrance
- D Main gate on First Avenue
✅ A — 原文 the main entrance on Oak Street remains open。
💡 技巧：Section 2 独白常包含项目细节。提前划关键词，如名词、数字、日期。注意同义替换，比如 finished by November 对应 completed by November；sign up 对应 register。
写作 Writing Task 2 (essay) · 目标 250 词
Some people think that it is more important for cities to have parks and green spaces than to use the land for housing and businesses. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Balancing the need for housing and businesses with the desire for green areas is a major challenge for urban planners. While some argue that parks and green spaces should take priority, others maintain that limited land must be used for homes and commerce. In my view, green spaces are essential, but a sensible balance can be struck.
On the one hand, housing and businesses are fundamental to a city's survival and growth. Without sufficient housing, property prices rise and low-income families may be forced out. Equally, commercial areas create employment and drive the economy. If a city focuses solely on green spaces at the expense of development, it risks becoming unsustainable and unable to support its population.
On the other hand, the benefits of parks and natural areas go beyond simple recreation. They provide a vital break from the built environment, improving mental health and reducing stress. The more green space a city has, the healthier its citizens tend to be. Moreover, trees filter pollutants and produce oxygen, which directly contributes to cleaner air. Given these wide-ranging advantages, it is clear that green spaces should not be seen as a luxury but as a necessity.
In my opinion, the solution is not to choose one over the other but to integrate them. Rooftop gardens, vertical forests, and pocket parks can all bring nature into the city without using large areas of land. Mixed-use developments can also combine shops and offices with public green areas. By thinking creatively, cities can meet both practical and environmental needs.
In conclusion, while housing and businesses are undeniably important, I believe that access to high-quality green space is equally vital for a city's long-term health and happiness. A well-designed city should aim to offer both.
逐句标注
语法“Balancing the need for housing and businesses with the desire for green areas”动名词短语作主语，体现语法灵活性。
语法“The more green space a city has, the healthier its citizens tend to be”本课语法点「The more… the more…」结构，展示复合句能力。
语法“Given these wide-ranging advantages”分词状语（过去分词），简洁引出原因，书面语。
衔接“On the one hand … On the other hand … In my opinion … In conclusion”清晰的段落路标，四段式结构完整，衔接词多样。
词汇“filter pollutants and produce oxygen”精确的动词搭配，环境话题词汇准确。
🎯 本档语言特征：全文四段，立场明确，每段有中心句和展开。使用了比较进阶结构和分词状语，词汇覆盖环境话题，自然融入连接词。整体达到 Band 7 水平：观点展开充分，语言错误很少。
↑ 再上一档：若要突破至7.5，可尝试更复杂的让步句（如 'Compelling as the arguments for housing may be, …'）和名词化表达，同时进一步减少重复用词。
口语 Speaking
Part 1
Q: Do you live near a park or any green area?
Yes, I'm lucky to live about ten minutes from a lovely park. It has a small lake and plenty of trees, and I try to go for a walk there at least twice a week.
💡 先正面回答，再补充细节，展示休闲表达。
Q: Do you think it's important for children to spend time in nature?
Absolutely. I believe playing outside in parks or forests is vital for children's physical and mental development. It keeps them active and teaches them about the natural world.
💡 用 absolutely 强语气，然后展开两个理由。
Part 2 · 提示卡
Describe a green place you like to visit. You should say: where it is, how often you go there, what you do there, and explain why you like it so much.
One of my favourite green places is the university botanical garden not far from my home. It's a small but beautifully maintained space open to the public. I usually visit every couple of weeks, especially on Sunday mornings when it's quiet. I love walking along the winding paths, surrounded by all kinds of plants and flowers. There's a large greenhouse with tropical plants that I find fascinating. Sometimes I take a book and sit on a bench near the pond, just listening to the birds. The reason I'm so drawn to it is that it feels like a peaceful escape from the noise and rush of the city. Every time I leave, I feel refreshed and re-energised. It's a place that really helps me relax and reconnect with nature.
💡 完整覆盖四点要求，用细节增强画面感。使用了关系从句、分词短语（surrounded by）等复杂结构，自然流畅。
Part 3
Q: Why do you think some cities have fewer parks than others?
I think it often comes down to history and available space. Older cities, which developed before modern urban planning, might not have set aside land for parks. Financial pressure also plays a role, because maintaining green spaces can be expensive. Densely populated cities may simply lack the room.
💡 用 comes down to 简洁概括，然后用两点展开，层次清晰。
Q: How can individuals help protect the environment in their daily lives?
There are many simple steps we can take. For starters, we can cut down on plastic by using reusable bags and bottles. Planting trees, even on a balcony, can make a real difference. It's also important to support local conservation projects and not to litter. Every small action adds up to a bigger impact.
💡 用 For starters 引入，列举三个例子，并以总结句收尾，展示话题词汇和 chunk 运用。
高频短语
comes down to — 表示「归根结底是…」
plays a role — 表示「起一定作用」
every small action adds up — 表示「积少成多」，常用于环境话题
应试策略
写作和口语中，要主动展示语法多样性：使用比较结构「the more… the more…」和分词状语来提升句子复杂度。阅读和听力部分，注意同义替换和信号词（如 First、Furthermore），它们能帮你快速定位答案。
本档提分建议
从6.5迈向7.5，需在以下方面精进：①观点展开得更深入，每段不止一个理由，可加入具体场景或对比；②衔接从「路标词堆砌」升级为「意思自然流动」，比如用「This, in turn, …」；③词汇追求精准搭配，少用泛泛的「good」「bad」；④语法细节不能出错，尤其是主谓一致和时态。