dietn.B1
日常饮食
a healthy diet · a balanced diet
Having a varied diet is important for good health.
多样化的饮食对健康很重要。
学完能做到
- 就“该不该对垃圾食品征税”论证
- 陈述因果机制
- 读懂关于饮食与健康的大众读物
- 听懂学生讨论健康话题的对话
- 在口语中谈论健康习惯并展开双向讨论
词汇 core 14 · expansion 18 · chunks 6
核心词 core
nutritionn.B2
营养
good nutrition · nutrition information
The food label tells you about its nutrition content.
食品标签说明了它的营养含量。
exercisen.B1
运动，锻炼
take exercise · regular exercise
I try to get at least 30 minutes of exercise a day.
我尽量每天运动至少30分钟。
lifestylen.B1
生活方式
a healthy lifestyle · a busy lifestyle
A stressful lifestyle can affect your health.
充满压力的生活方式会影响你的健康。
obesityn.B2
肥胖
rates of obesity · childhood obesity
The rise in obesity among children is a concern.
儿童肥胖率的上升令人担忧。
overweightadj.B2
超重的
be overweight · slightly overweight
Being overweight increases the risk of heart disease.
超重会增加患心脏病的风险。
consumev.B2
吃，喝，消耗
consume calories · consume too much sugar
People consume too much fast food these days.
如今人们吃了太多快餐。
ingredientn.B2
成分，原料
natural ingredients · main ingredients
Always check the list of ingredients on the packet.
务必查看包装上的成分列表。
portionn.B2
一份（食物）
a small portion · control your portions
Restaurant portions are often larger than necessary.
餐厅的一份食物通常比实际需要的多。
habitn.B1
习惯
eating habits · a bad habit
It can be hard to break unhealthy habits.
改掉不健康的习惯可能很难。
benefitn.B1
好处，益处
health benefits · get the benefits of exercise
The benefits of eating fruit and vegetables are well known.
吃水果蔬菜的益处众所周知。
riskn.B1
风险
reduce the risk · a health risk
Smoking increases the risk of cancer.
吸烟增加患癌风险。
diseasen.B1
疾病
heart disease · prevent disease
Regular exercise can help prevent many diseases.
经常锻炼有助于预防很多疾病。
calorien.B2
卡路里（热量单位）
high in calories · count calories
Fast food is often very high in calories.
快餐通常热量很高。
扩展词库 expansion
balancedadj.B2
均衡的
a balanced diet
convenientadj.B1
方便的
convenient food
affordableadj.B2
负担得起的，不贵的
affordable healthy food
processedadj.B2
加工的
processed food
intaken.B2
摄入量
daily calorie intake
awarenessn.B2
意识
raise awareness of health issues
promotev.B2
促进，推广
promote a healthy lifestyle
preventv.B2
预防
prevent illness
moderateadj.B2
适度的，适量的
in moderation
limitv.B1
限制
limit your sugar intake
reducev.B1
减少
reduce the amount of fat
maintainv.B2
维持，保持
maintain a healthy weight
stressn.B1
压力
reduce stress
mentaladj.B1
精神的，心理的
mental health
physicaladj.B1
身体的
physical activity
well-beingn.B2
健康，康乐
sense of well-being
sugaryadj.B1
含糖的，甜味的
sugary drinks
fattyadj.B1
含脂肪的，油腻的
fatty foods
词块 / 生存短语 chunks
lead to导致，引起
Poor diet can lead to serious health problems.
不良饮食会导致严重的健康问题。
result in造成，结果是
Lack of exercise often results in weight gain.
缺乏运动常常导致体重增加。
contribute to促进，助长
Eating too much sugar contributes to obesity.
吃糖过多会助长肥胖。
junk food垃圾食品
It is wise to cut down on junk food.
少吃垃圾食品是明智的。
balanced diet均衡饮食
A balanced diet includes plenty of fruit and vegetables.
均衡饮食包括大量的水果和蔬菜。
cut down on减少（摄入）
I'm trying to cut down on sugary snacks.
我正在努力少吃含糖零食。
语法 语言升级点
Cause and effect structuresB2
表达因果关系，使论证更有说服力
lead to / result in / contribute to + 名词或动名词
在议论文中，这类结构能够明确说明一个行为可能带来的结果，让观点更有逻辑。例如：Eating too much sugar can lead to weight gain.（吃糖过多可能导致体重增加。）注意 lead to 和 result in 意思相近，而 contribute to 强调是促成某结果的多个因素之一。
例句
Regular exercise leads to better overall health.
经常锻炼能带来更好的整体健康状况。
Heavy consumption of processed food contributes to the rise in obesity.
大量食用加工食品助长了肥胖率的上升。
常见错误
✗ Lack of sleep can leads to health problems. → ✓ Lack of sleep can lead to health problems.
情态动词 can 后接动词原形 lead，不能加 s。
✗ The problem resulted from in poor communication. → ✓ The problem resulted from poor communication.
result from 后面直接加名词，无需加 in。
↑ 提分：从 6.5 到 7.5 分，可以尝试使用更丰富的因果表达，如 be a contributing factor to, give rise to, be responsible for，使表达更精准。
Passive with modalsB2
提出建议或规定，语气客观正式
情态动词 (should/can/must) + be + 过去分词
在议论文或正式文件中，使用 「should be + 过去分词」 等结构可以让建议看起来更具普遍性和权威性，例如：Junk food advertising should be restricted.（垃圾食品广告应该被限制。）这类表达避免了使用 「I think people should...」 这种过于个人化的说法。
例句
Health education must be improved in schools.
学校的健康教育必须加强。
People could be encouraged to walk more.
可以鼓励人们多步行。
常见错误
✗ The rules should be change. → ✓ The rules should be changed.
被动语态需要使用过去分词 changed。
↑ 提分：到更高分段，可将情态被动与名词化结合，如：It is recommended that restrictions be placed on fast food advertising.
阅读 Reading general interest
Why Our Eating Habits Matter
In recent years, there has been growing concern about the way many people eat. Busy lifestyles and the wide availability of cheap, convenient food have led to a situation where unhealthy choices are common. But what are the consequences of a poor diet, and why should we care?
To begin with, the link between diet and health is clear. A high intake of processed foods, which are often full of sugar, fat and salt, has been found to contribute to a range of health problems. These include obesity, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. For example, research suggests that people who regularly consume sugary drinks are more likely to be overweight than those who do not.
Another issue is the effect on mental well-being. While the physical effects of an unhealthy diet are widely known, fewer people realise that what we eat can also affect how we feel. Studies have indicated that a diet high in fruit, vegetables and whole grains may lower the risk of depression and improve concentration.
So what can be done to encourage healthier eating? Many experts believe that education is key. If children understood the benefits of good nutrition from a young age, they would be more likely to make healthy choices as adults. In addition, clearer food labels could help shoppers decide what to put in their baskets.
Making small changes, such as cutting down on fatty snacks and cooking more meals at home, can make a real difference. The key is not to aim for perfection, but to adopt habits that you can maintain in the long term.
consequences后果whole grains全谷物depression抑郁adopt采纳，养成（习惯）
TFNG1.The text says that everyone who drinks sugary drinks will become overweight.
✅ FALSE — 原文只说 'more likely to be overweight'，并非一定发生，因此表述过于绝对。
gap_fill2.Processed foods are often high in sugar, fat and ___ .
✅ salt — 原文直接指出：「full of sugar, fat and salt」。
MCQ3.According to the text, what can a diet rich in fruit, vegetables and whole grains do?
- A Increase the risk of heart disease
- B Improve concentration
- C Cause type 2 diabetes
✅ B — 原文提到这样的饮食 「may ... improve concentration」。
TFNG4.Food labels are currently clear enough for customers to make healthy choices.
✅ FALSE — 文中暗示标签应该改进，说 clearer food labels could help，所以目前可能还不够清楚。
MCQ5.What approach to healthier eating does the author recommend?
- A Aim for perfection immediately
- B Make small, lasting changes
- C Only eat vegetables
✅ B — 作者建议「making small changes」 并 「adopt habits that you can maintain」。
💡 技巧：大众读物类文章结构清晰，通常有主题段、举例段和建议段。做题时先快速浏览小标题和首尾句，了解大意。对于TFNG题，要仔细对比原文表述，注意绝对词（always, everyone）和程度词（more likely, can help）。
听力 Listening Section 3 · AUS
情景：两个学生讨论关于健康饮食的课堂项目（Section 3 对话）
Lisa
OK, so for our health project, let's look at why people are eating so unhealthily these days.
Tom
Yeah, I think one big reason is that fast food is so easy to get. It's everywhere, and it's often cheaper than cooking.
Lisa
True. Also, many people just don't have the time. If you're working long hours, grabbing a burger is so much more convenient.
Tom
And what about advertising? You see ads for sugary snacks all the time. It definitely affects what people buy.
Lisa
Absolutely. I read that Australia is thinking about stricter rules on junk food ads, like what they did in the UK.
Tom
Right, but education is also important. If kids learned more about nutrition at school, they might make better choices later.
gap_fill1.Tom mentions that fast food is often ___ than cooking.
✅ cheaper — Tom 说 'and it's often cheaper than cooking'。
gap_fill2.Lisa says that for busy people, fast food is more ___ .
✅ convenient — Lisa 说 'so much more convenient'。
MCQ3.What does Tom think affects what people buy?
- A The price of vegetables
- B Advertising for sugary snacks
- C Cooking shows on TV
✅ B — Tom 指出 'you see ads for sugary snacks... It definitely affects what people buy'。
MCQ4.What country is already taking action on junk food ads?
- A Australia
- B The UK
- C The USA
✅ B — Lisa 提到 'like what they did in the UK'。
💡 技巧：Section 3 是学术类对话，注意捕捉双方观点和原因。听前读题划出关键词，如 cheap、convenient 等形容词。对话中会有同义替换，如 easy to get 对应 convenient。
写作 Writing Task 2 (essay) · 目标 250 词
Some people believe that governments should tax unhealthy food to encourage healthy eating. Others think it is unnecessary and unfair. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
In many countries, poor diet is leading to serious health issues, and the idea of taxing unhealthy food has been widely discussed. While some people support this measure, others argue against it. This essay will examine both perspectives before offering my own view.
On the one hand, a tax on unhealthy food could encourage healthier choices. If junk food becomes more expensive, people might think twice before buying it. In addition, the extra money raised could be used to fund health education programmes. For example, schools could be given more resources to teach children about good nutrition. Many experts argue that such measures have worked in the case of tobacco, so they could be effective here too.
On the other hand, opponents point out that such a tax would affect low-income families the most. For many people, cheap, processed food is all they can afford, and a tax would only place a heavier burden on them. Furthermore, some people feel that the government should not interfere in personal choices. They believe that education, rather than taxation, is the key to changing eating habits.
In my opinion, while a tax alone may not solve the problem, it can be a useful tool if combined with other measures. I believe that unhealthy food should be taxed at a moderate rate, but the focus should remain on education and making healthy food more affordable. This way, we can address both the price and the awareness barriers.
To conclude, although taxing unhealthy food has its drawbacks, I believe it is a step in the right direction when used as part of a wider strategy. A balanced approach is essential to improve public health.
逐句标注
语法“poor diet is leading to serious health issues”使用现在进行时+lead to表达因果，准确点出问题。
语法“If junk food becomes more expensive, people might think twice”第一类条件句，逻辑清晰。
语法“schools could be given more resources”情态被动，语气客观，符合本课语法点。
任务“such a tax would affect low-income families the most”指出反方观点，论证充分。
任务“unhealthy food should be taxed at a moderate rate, but the focus should remain on education”明确给出自己立场，并平衡两种措施。
衔接“On the one hand ... On the other hand ... To conclude”清晰的段落路标词，结构完整。
词汇“the extra money raised could be used”raise money 准确搭配。
🎯 本档语言特征：四段式结构，观点明确，双方论证充分。使用了因果结构（lead to）、情态被动（should be taxed, could be given）、条件句等 B2 级语法，词汇如 nutrition、affordable、awareness 等切题。略有重复但整体连贯，符合 band 7 特征。
↑ 再上一档：提升到 7.5+：可以增加数据类论证（若无真实数据可用一般化描述，如 widespread evidence suggests），避免重复 should；使用更高级的同义替换，如 levy（但本课避免），可改用 'impose a higher tax on'，但注意不要超档。
口语 Speaking
Part 1
Q: Do you try to eat healthily?
I try to, yes. I cook my own meals most of the time so I know exactly what goes into them. But I do have a sweet tooth, so I have to make an effort to cut down on sugar.
💡 先肯定，给出具体做法，再用 but 转折，展示真实口语层次。
Q: What kind of exercise do you do?
I'm not a gym person, honestly. I prefer just going for a brisk walk every day or cycling at the weekend. I find it's enough to keep me active.
💡 诚实地说出偏好的运动，用 'not a gym person' 自然地强调个人特点。
Part 2 · 提示卡
Describe a change you made to improve your health. You should say: what the change was; why you made it; how you did it; and explain how you feel about it now.
A couple of years ago, I realised I was having takeaway meals almost every other night. I was putting on weight and constantly feeling tired. So I decided to make a change: I would cook more at home.
I started by looking up simple recipes online. At first, it was quite a challenge because I wasn't used to it, but I kept going. I planned my meals for the week and made a shopping list to avoid buying junk food on impulse. I also got into the habit of cooking larger portions so that I could take leftovers for lunch the next day.
What helped me most was making small, manageable changes rather than trying to be perfect. For example, I didn't cut out all my favourite foods completely; I just had them less often.
Now, I feel so much better. I have more energy during the day, and I've even lost a bit of weight. But more importantly, I enjoy the process of cooking — it's actually relaxing after a long day. I'm really glad I made that change, and I have no plans to go back to my old habits.
💡 按提示依次描述，用过去时态。添加细节（食谱、计划、冷冻）使叙述生动。最后表达感受，说满2分钟。
Part 3
Q: Why do many people find it hard to maintain a healthy lifestyle?
I think time and money are the biggest barriers. Preparing healthy food takes longer, and fresh produce isn't always cheap. Plus, we are surrounded by advertising for unhealthy snacks, so it's easy to give in. Another factor is habit — once you've got used to a certain way of eating, it's really hard to break it.
💡 使用 'time and money are the biggest barriers' 这样的总结句，再从三个角度展开，说理有层次。
Q: Should schools teach children more about healthy eating?
Definitely. I think health education should be a key part of the curriculum, not just an optional topic. If children understood nutrition early on, they'd be more likely to develop good habits for life. Schools could also lead by example by offering healthier meals in canteens. That way, the message would be consistent.
💡 明确赞成，用 'not just an optional topic' 强化观点，并拓展到 school meals，展现思维延伸。
高频短语
give in to temptation — 向诱惑屈服（用于讨论为何难以坚持健康饮食）
a step in the right direction — 朝着正确方向的一步（用于评价政策或措施）
the key is to strike a balance — 关键在于取得平衡（用于总结观点）
应试策略
6.5 分需展现清晰的因果逻辑和客观建议能力。写作中多用 lead to/result in 连接问题与后果，用被动情态（should be encouraged）给出建议。口语中注意 Part 3 展开论点，每一点给出一两个理由或例子。听力 Section 3 的对话替换词较多，注意同义改写。
本档提分建议
从 6.5 到 7.5 的提升路径：① 扩展因果表达（如 be attributable to, play a role in）；② 增加衔接手法，用 this means that, consequently 等词代替简单的 and；③ 在 Task 2 中更平衡地讨论双方，避免空洞的总结；④ 口语中避免频繁停顿，用 well, actually 等填充词自然过渡。词汇需积累更多话题搭配（如 sedentary → 本课用 inactive）。