faren.B1
票价
bus fare · train fare · pay the fare
Bus fares are going up again next month.
下个月公交票价又要涨了。
You can pay the fare with a contactless card.
你可以用非接触式卡付车费。
学完能做到
- 看懂讨论公共交通的短文，找出作者观点与理由
- 听懂两个人商量交通方案并记下关键信息
- 写一篇议论文，对'公共交通是否该免费'表达立场并给出理由
- 在口语中描述一次乘公共交通的经历，并讨论免费政策的利弊
词汇 core 13 · expansion 16 · chunks 4
核心词 core
commutev./n.B2
通勤；上下班往返
daily commute · commute to work
My daily commute takes over an hour each way.
我每天通勤单程要一个多小时。
Many people commute to the city centre for work.
很多人通勤到市中心上班。
convenientadj.B1
方便的
a convenient way to travel · very convenient
The metro is the most convenient way to get around.
地铁是出行最方便的方式。
congestionn.B2
拥堵
traffic congestion · reduce congestion
Congestion is getting worse because there are too many cars.
因为车太多，拥堵越来越严重。
reliableadj.B1
可靠的
reliable service · not very reliable
Public transport in this city is rarely reliable.
这个城市的公共交通很少可靠。
routen.B1
路线
bus route · change your route
They've introduced a new bus route to the airport.
他们新开了一条去机场的公交路线。
schedulen.B1
时刻表
train schedule · on schedule
You can check the bus schedule online.
你可以在网上查公交时刻表。
passn.B1
通行证；月票
monthly pass · bus pass
A monthly pass is much cheaper if you travel every day.
如果你每天乘车，月票便宜得多。
rush hourphr.B1
交通高峰时间
during rush hour · avoid rush hour
Trains are always crowded during rush hour.
高峰时间火车总是很挤。
overcrowdedadj.B2
过度拥挤的
overcrowded buses · overcrowded trains
Overcrowded buses make the journey really uncomfortable.
过度拥挤的公交车让旅途很不舒服。
public transportphr.B1
公共交通
use public transport · improve public transport
If more people used public transport, there would be less pollution.
如果更多人使用公共交通，污染会减少。
subsidyn.B2
补贴
government subsidy · receive a subsidy
The bus company gets a lot of money from the government subsidy.
公交车公司从政府补贴中获得很多钱。
digital ticketphr.B1
电子票
buy a digital ticket · show your digital ticket
You don't even need cash – just buy a digital ticket on your phone.
你甚至不需要现金——在手机上买个电子票就行。
扩展词库 expansion
timetablen.B1
时刻表
check the timetable
stationn.A2
车站
train station
boardingn.B1
上车
boarding pass
delayn./v.B1
延误
a 20-minute delay
announcementn.B1
广播
listen to announcements
pedestriann.B1
行人
pedestrian area
vehiclen.B1
车辆
electric vehicles
infrastructuren.B2
基础设施
transport infrastructure
emissionn.B2
排放
carbon emissions
sustainableadj.B2
可持续的
sustainable transport
congestion chargephr.B2
拥堵费
pay a congestion charge
free of chargephr.B1
免费
travel free of charge
park-and-ridephr.B2
停车换乘
use a park-and-ride facility
subwayn.A2
地铁
take the subway
scootern.A2
踏板车
electric scooter
on footphr.A2
步行
go on foot
词块 / 生存短语 chunks
make a connection换乘衔接
I missed the train and couldn't make my connection.
我错过了火车，没能衔接上换乘。
on time准点
The bus is rarely on time during rush hour.
高峰时间公交车很少准点。
in advance提前
It's cheaper if you book your ticket in advance.
如果你提前订票会更便宜。
a stressful journey一次很有压力的行程
Without a good public transport system, the daily commute can be a stressful journey.
没有好的公交系统，日常通勤可能是一次很有压力的行程。
语法 语言升级点
Expressing opinions with connecting words (however / although)B1+
表达对比或让步，使观点更有层次
用 however 在两句之间（用分号或句号隔开）；用 although 引导从句，主句为观点
however 连接两个完整句子，表示「然而」，前后有对比。例如：Public transport is efficient. However, it can be expensive. although 引导从句，意思是「虽然」，主句是观点。例如：Although it is crowded, I still prefer the bus. 在essay中用好这些连接词能让你的论证更清楚。
例句
Free public transport would reduce traffic; however, it would be very expensive for the government.
免费公共交通会减少交通拥堵；然而，对政府来说成本会很高。
Although many people use the subway, buses are still the main form of transport here.
虽然很多人坐地铁，但公交车仍然是这里主要的交通方式。
常见错误
✗ It was raining, although we still went out. → ✓ Although it was raining, we still went out.
although 引导的从句要放在前面（更常见）或与主句调换，不能像 but 那样放在两句中间。
↑ 提分：再高一档可用 However 放在句中作插入语： This, however, is not always the case. 或用 while/whereas 对比。
Giving reasons with because of / due to / despiteB1+
给出原因或表达「尽管有某种情况」
because of / due to + 名词短语；despite / in spite of + 名词短语或动名词
because of 和 due to 意思相近，后面接名词或动名词，不能直接加句子。例如：because of the high cost / due to the crowded trains。despite 表示「尽管」，后面也接名词或 doing，与 although 不同。
例句
Many people avoid the bus because of the long waiting times.
许多人因为等车时间长而不坐公交车。
Despite the high fares, passenger numbers are increasing.
尽管票价高，乘客人数仍在增加。
常见错误
✗ I chose the train because it was convenient. → ✓ I chose the train because of its convenience.
because of 后面接名词短语，不是句子；要用句子就用 because。
↑ 提分：再高一档可在 despite 后加 the fact that + 句子（例如 despite the fact that it is crowded），使句式更复杂。
阅读 Reading opinion note
Should Public Transport Be Free?
Many cities around the world are thinking about making public transport free. Supporters say that free buses and trains will help people who have low incomes, reduce traffic congestion, and cut pollution. Because of these reasons, some places have already tried it. For example, the city of Tallinn in Estonia introduced free public transport for residents in 2013. Since then, car use in the city centre has dropped by around 10%, and more people are using buses and trams.
However, free public transport is not without problems. One major issue is funding: if passengers do not pay, the government has to find the money somewhere else, which can mean higher taxes. Also, some experts say that free transport does not always take drivers out of their cars. In fact, many people who already walk or cycle begin to use free buses, which can make them less active. Furthermore, without ticket income, operators may cut services or invest less in new vehicles, which can make public transport less reliable in the long run.
In my opinion, making public transport completely free is a risky idea. It may work well in small cities with a strong economy, but in larger cities the costs are too high. Instead, I think the focus should be on making public transport cheaper, more reliable, and more convenient. If a single ticket costs just a little bit and the service is excellent, more people will choose to leave their cars at home without needing to make the system entirely free.
funding资金operators运营商in the long run从长远来看
TFNG1.Tallinn's free public transport policy reduced car use in the city centre.
✅ TRUE — 原文说 car use in the city centre has dropped by around 10%，所以是 TRUE。
MCQ2.What is the main problem with free public transport, according to the text?
- A: It makes people less active
- B: It needs government funding
- C: It causes more pollution
- D: It is not popular
✅ B — 文中提到 One major issue is funding，所以主要问题是政府要去找资金，B 正确。其他选项也是提到的问题但不是主要的。
gap_fill3.Tallinn started free public transport for residents in the year ___.
✅ 2013 — 原文说 introduced free public transport for residents in 2013。
TFNG4.After introducing free transport, Tallinn saw a big drop in cycling.
✅ NOT GIVEN — 原文没有提到 cycling 的变化，只提到 car use 下降和更多人使用公交。所以 NOT GIVEN。
💡 技巧：观点类短文常先给出支持方理由，再用 however 转折给出反方观点，最后总结。读题时注意作者最终立场。TFNG 题要区分 FALSE（与原文矛盾）和 NOT GIVEN（没提到）。
听力 Listening Section 2 · US
情景：两个同事在商量一个会议后的交通方案，讨论打车还是坐地铁
Woman
So, after the conference, how should we get to the hotel? We could take a taxi or try the subway.
Man
I'd rather take the subway. It's much cheaper, and there's a station right outside the conference centre.
Woman
But it's rush hour now, and the subway is going to be really crowded. I heard that line is often delayed during peak times.
Man
True, although the taxi would be faster, it'll cost about $40, and we'd still have to deal with traffic. At least the subway runs every 5 minutes, so the delay won't be too long.
Woman
OK, let's take the subway then. But we need to buy tickets. Do you have a pass?
Man
No, but I can get a digital ticket on my phone. I did it yesterday, and it was really easy.
Woman
Perfect. How long is the journey once we're on the train?
Man
About 20 minutes, and then we get off at Union Square. The hotel is just a five-minute walk from there.
Woman
Great. Let's go then.
MCQ1.Which transport does the man prefer?
- A taxi
- B subway
- C bus
- D walking
✅ B — 男的说 I'd rather take the subway，明确表示偏好地铁。
gap_fill2.The taxi would cost about ___ dollars.
✅ 40 / forty — 男的说 it'll cost about $40。
gap_fill3.The man will buy a ___ ticket on his phone.
✅ digital — 男的说 get a digital ticket on my phone。
gap_fill4.The hotel is a ___ -minute walk from Union Square.
✅ 5 / five — 男的最后说 a five-minute walk。
💡 技巧：Section 2 常在对话中出现两种选择，比如 taxi vs subway。注意听说话人最终决定的关键句（比如 let's take the subway then），之前可能有很多讨论和犹豫。数字信息（价格、时间）常是考点。
写作 Writing Task 2 (essay) · 目标 250 词
Some people believe that public transport should be free for everyone. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
The idea of making public transport free has become popular in some cities. While I understand the benefits, I personally disagree that it should be free for everyone.
On one hand, free public transport can help reduce traffic congestion and pollution. Because of lower costs, more people might leave their cars at home and use buses or trains instead. This also helps people with low incomes who may struggle to pay for transport. For example, in some European cities, free transport has led to a small drop in car use. However, these benefits come with serious problems.
The main argument against free public transport is the cost. If passengers do not pay, the government has to cover the huge expenses through taxes. This means that everyone, including those who never use public transport, would pay more. Also, despite good intentions, free transport can make the system worse. Operators may have less money to improve services, so trains and buses become less reliable and more crowded. In addition, free transport may encourage short, unnecessary trips, which can actually increase overcrowding rather than solve it.
In my view, instead of making transport completely free, cities should focus on making it affordable and efficient. If fares are kept low and services are frequent and reliable, many people will choose public transport voluntarily. In fact, this approach has been more successful in places like Singapore, where the system is not free but is still heavily used because of its quality.
To sum up, although free public transport sounds attractive, the financial and practical challenges are too great. A better solution is to invest in high-quality, affordable transport that people want to use.
逐句标注
任务“While I understand the benefits, I personally disagree”明确立场，使用 while 表示让步。
语法“Because of lower costs, more people might leave their cars at home”使用 because of + 名词短语表示原因，符合本课语法点。
衔接“However, these benefits come with serious problems.”用 however 转折，自然衔接两段。
词汇“despite good intentions, free transport can make the system worse”使用 despite + 名词短语，展示词汇丰富性。
衔接“In addition, free transport may encourage short, unnecessary trips”用 In addition 递进，逻辑清晰。
任务“A better solution is to invest in high-quality, affordable transport”提出自己的解决方案，回应题目。
🎯 本档语言特征：观点明确，结构完整（引言-正方-反方-自己的观点-总结）。使用了 because of, however, despite, although, in addition 等多个连接词。句子有简单句也有复合句，错误很少。词汇恰当，有少量低级错误但不影响理解。
↑ 再上一档：再往上一档：可多用 despite the fact that / due to the fact that 等更复杂的原因结构；增加更多同义替换（如 reduced car dependency, financial burden, unfeasible）；在论证中加入假设条件句（If people were faced with…）。
口语 Speaking
Part 1
Q: How do you usually travel around your city?
I usually take the bus because it's quite reliable and the bus stop is near my home. Sometimes, if I'm in a hurry, I order a taxi, but it's more expensive.
💡 直接回答，给出主要方式和偶尔的选择，用 if 条件句。
Q: Do you think public transport in your city is good?
It's okay, but it could be better. Although there are many bus routes, the buses are often overcrowded during rush hour. I think they should increase the number of buses.
💡 用 although 让步，接着说明问题并提出建议。
Q: Would you use public transport more if it was free?
Probably yes, because of the savings. However, if the buses were still delayed and overcrowded, I might not use them much more, because a stressful journey is not worth it even if it's free.
💡 给出有条件的回答，用 because of 和连接词。
Part 2 · 提示卡
Describe a time you used public transport and it was a good experience. You should say: - what kind of transport it was - where you went - who you were with - and explain why it was a good experience.
I remember a trip I took on a train about two years ago. I was going to visit my friend who lives in another city. I went alone, and I chose the train because it was cheaper than flying and more comfortable than the bus. Despite a short delay at the start, the journey was really pleasant. The train was clean and not too crowded, so I could sit by the window and enjoy the view. I also had a digital ticket on my phone, which made boarding very easy. The best part was that the train arrived almost on time, and the whole trip was very relaxing. It made me realise that good public transport can be a great way to travel.
💡 按卡片顺序描述：方式、目的地、人物、为什么好。使用 despite, because of 等衔接词，多时态变化。
Part 3
Q: Why do some people refuse to use public transport?
Well, I think comfort is a big reason. Many people prefer their own car because of the privacy and convenience. Also, some public transport systems are not very reliable, so people are afraid of delays. In addition, if the routes don't go exactly where they need to go, it can be a real problem.
💡 分点回答：舒适、可靠性和路线，用 because of 和连接词。
Q: Should governments invest more in public transport?
Absolutely. Investing in public transport can reduce pollution from cars, cut down traffic jams, and help people without cars. However, the investment should be spent wisely— on modern vehicles, better schedules, and more frequent services, not just on reducing fares.
💡 明确表态，列出好处，再用 however 提出自己更具体的观点。
高频短语
because of the savings — 表达因为省钱，在 Part 1 和 Part 3 可用
despite a short delay — 尽管有小延误，表示让步
if the routes don't go exactly where they need to go — 用 if 条件句说明原因
应试策略
5.5档写作和口语要注重连接词的使用，让观点更连贯。作文结构要清楚：引言-正文段落（至少两段）-结论。口语 Part 2 按卡片点回答，每个点说2-3句，多用 and, but, because 延伸。听力 Section 2 注意选项对比，抓住说话人的最终决定。阅读观点类文章注意转折词后面的重点信息。
本档提分建议
从5.5到6.5：1）在写作和口语中主动使用 because of / despite / although / however 来连接想法；2）积累话题词汇如 congestion, subsidy, overcrowded, reliable，避免重复说 good 或 bad；3）口语中每个回答尽量给出理由，可以用「It's because...」 或 「The main reason is...」 开头。