delayn./v.B1
延误
a long delay · be delayed for two hours
The train was delayed because of a signal failure.
由于信号故障，火车延误了。
学完能做到
- 看懂列车取消通知，理解原因与替代安排
- 听懂车站失物招领或车票问题的简短对话并记录关键信息
- 写一封半正式投诉信，描述出行问题并提出要求
- 在口语中讲述一次不愉快的旅行经历，表达看法
词汇 core 13 · expansion 16 · chunks 4
核心词 core
cancelledadj.B1
取消的
a cancelled flight · get cancelled at short notice
All trains to London have been cancelled due to severe weather.
由于恶劣天气，所有前往伦敦的火车都取消了。
refundn.B1
退款
get a full refund · claim a refund
Because the train was cancelled, I applied for a refund.
因为火车取消了，我申请了退款。
platformn.B1
站台
platform 3 · on the platform
We waited on the platform for over an hour.
我们在站台上等了一个多小时。
carriagen.B1
车厢
the first carriage · a crowded carriage
I couldn’t find a seat because the carriage was full.
车厢满了，我找不到座位。
luggagen.B1
行李
carry heavy luggage · hand luggage
My luggage was lost on the way to Manchester.
我的行李在去曼彻斯特的路上丢了。
announcementn.B1
公告、广播
make an announcement · a loudspeaker announcement
We didn’t hear the announcement because the station was too noisy.
车站太吵了，我们没听到广播通知。
crowdedadj.A2
拥挤的
a crowded train · get crowded at rush hour
The underground was so crowded that I could barely move.
地铁太挤了，我几乎动不了。
uncomfortableadj.B1
不舒服的
feel uncomfortable · an uncomfortable seat
The seats were so uncomfortable that I couldn’t sleep.
座位太不舒服了，我睡不着。
journeyn.A2
旅程
a long journey · make a journey
The journey took much longer than expected.
旅程比预期长了很多。
timetablen.B1
时刻表
check the timetable · according to the timetable
I looked at the timetable, but the train wasn’t listed.
我看了时刻表，但上面没有那趟车。
passengern.B1
乘客
rail passengers · a passenger seat
Many passengers were angry because of the delay.
许多乘客因为延误很生气。
compensationn.B2
赔偿
claim compensation · get compensation for delays
The company refused to pay compensation for the cancelled train.
公司拒绝为取消的火车支付赔偿。
扩展词库 expansion
destinationn.B1
目的地
reach your destination
boarding passn.B1
登机牌/车票
print your boarding pass
departuren.B1
出发
departure time
arrivaln.B1
到达
arrival time
on boardphr.B1
在车上/机上
get on board
overcrowdedadj.B2
过度拥挤的
an overcrowded train
signal failuren.B2
信号故障
due to signal failure
severe weathern.B2
恶劣天气
severe weather conditions
due toprep.B1
由于
due to bad weather
inconveniencen.B2
不便
cause inconvenience
alternativeadj./n.B1
替代的/替代方案
an alternative route
staffn.B1
工作人员
railway staff
complaintn.B1
投诉
make a complaint
vouchern.B2
代金券
a travel voucher
bookedadj.B1
预订的
a booked seat
confirmedadj.B2
确认的
a confirmed booking
词块 / 生存短语 chunks
miss a connection错过换乘
We were late and missed our connection to Edinburgh.
我们迟到了，错过了去爱丁堡的换乘。
claim compensation要求赔偿
You should claim compensation if the delay is over an hour.
如果延误超过一小时，你应该要求赔偿。
make an announcement发布广播
The driver made an announcement about the delay.
司机广播说了延误的事。
in the event of如果发生...
In the event of a delay, you can use your ticket on the next train.
如果发生延误，你可以用同一张票乘坐下一趟车。
语法 语言升级点
First conditional (if + present, will)B1
谈论将来很有可能发生的情况和结果
If + 一般现在时，will/can/may + 动词原形
在投诉信中，我们可以用一类条件来表达「如果……就会……」来礼貌地提出要求。例如：If you check your records, you will see... 或 If the delay is not my fault, I should get a refund.
例句
If you give me a refund, I will be very satisfied.
如果你给我退款，我会非常满意。
If the train is late again, I will complain to the company.
如果火车又晚点，我会向公司投诉。
常见错误
✗ If you will give me a refund, I will be happy. → ✓ If you give me a refund, I will be happy.
条件句的 if 从句不用 will，用一般现在时代替将来。
↑ 提分：想加分可以改用 unless 或 as long as，但需注意分寸，本课第二点会专门练习。
unless / as long asB1+
替代 if 来强调条件或例外
unless + 一般现在时 = if... not；as long as + 一般现在时 = 只要……
unless 表示「除非」，可以代替 if...not；as long as 表示「只要……就」，常用来给出条件。例如：You won」t get a refund unless you have a receipt. / I won't complain as long as the train arrives on time.
例句
Unless you call them, they won’t know you missed the train.
除非你给他们打电话，否则他们不会知道你错过了火车。
As long as the delay is short, I don’t mind waiting.
只要延误时间不长，我不介意等。
常见错误
✗ Unless you will pay me, I will not leave. → ✓ Unless you pay me, I will not leave.
unless 从句同样用一般现在时，不用 will。
↑ 提分：适当用 unless 替换 if...not，可以让句子更简洁，显得语言更自然。
阅读 Reading notice
Train Service Disruption Notice
IMPORTANT NOTICE FOR PASSENGERS
Due to a signal failure at Bristol Parkway, all trains between Bristol and Cardiff are currently delayed or cancelled. The following services are affected:
• The 10:15 to Cardiff Central is delayed by approximately 45 minutes.
• The 10:45 to Swansea is cancelled. Passengers for Swansea should take the 11:15 and change at Newport.
• The 11:05 to Cardiff Central is running as scheduled.
We are sorry for the inconvenience. If your journey is delayed by more than 30 minutes, you may be entitled to compensation. Please speak to a member of staff or visit our website to claim.
In the event of a cancellation, your ticket will be accepted on the next available service. Please listen for announcements or check the departure board for updates.
signal failure信号故障as scheduled按计划、准时compensation赔偿
TFNG1.All trains to Cardiff are cancelled.
✅ FALSE — 公告说10:15延误、10:45取消，但11:05正常运行，所以不是全部取消。
MCQ2.What should passengers for Swansea do?
- A Wait for the next direct train
- B Take the 11:15 and change at Newport
- C Go to Cardiff first
✅ B — 原文说 Passengers for Swansea should take the 11:15 and change at Newport。
gap_fill3.Passengers delayed over 30 minutes can get ___.
✅ compensation — 原文：If your journey is delayed by more than 30 minutes, you may be entitled to compensation。
TFNG4.The 11:05 train will definitely arrive on time.
✅ NOT GIVEN — 原文只说 running as scheduled，但未保证一定准时到达，可能途中发生延误。
💡 技巧：旅行通知常包含具体车次和时间，读题时先圈出关键词，再到原文定位数字和专有名词。注意部分否定（not all）和条件句（if...may）常是考点。
听力 Listening Section 1 · UK
情景：乘客在车站服务台询问因延误导致的换乘问题（Section 1 事务性对话）
Staff
Good morning. How can I help you?
Passenger
Hi. My train was delayed and I missed my connection to Edinburgh. Can I use this ticket on the next train?
Staff
Yes, as long as it's today. The next one leaves at 11:50 from platform 8.
Passenger
11:50 from platform 8. And is there a direct service, or do I have to change?
Staff
No, it's direct. It'll get you to Edinburgh Waverley by 14:20.
Passenger
Great. And can I claim compensation for the delay? It was more than an hour late.
Staff
Yes, you can. I’ll give you a form. Fill it in and send it to this address. You should get a refund for part of your ticket.
Passenger
That’s very helpful. Thank you.
gap_fill1.The next train to Edinburgh leaves at 11:50 from platform ___.
✅ 8 — 工作人员说 from platform 8。
MCQ2.Is the 11:50 train direct?
- A Yes, it's direct.
- B No, it requires a change.
- C The passenger doesn't know.
✅ A — 工作人员回答 No, it's direct. 注意 No 是对是否需要换乘的否定，即直达。
gap_fill3.The passenger will arrive at ___ Waverley by 14:20.
✅ Edinburgh — 原文：It'll get you to Edinburgh Waverley by 14:20。
gap_fill4.To get compensation, the passenger needs to fill in a ___ and send it off.
✅ form — 工作人员说：I」ll give you a form. Fill it in...。
💡 技巧：客服对话中数字（时间、站台）是常见考点，注意听清楚数字并速记。回答 often 包含 yes/no 后的补充解释，需理解真实含义而非字面。
写作 Writing Task 1 (letter)（semi-formal） · 目标 160 词
You recently travelled by train, and your journey was delayed by over two hours. Write a letter to the train company. In your letter: - give details of your journey - explain what the delay caused - say what you would like the company to do.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to complain about a long delay on my train journey last Thursday, 12 November.
I was travelling from Bristol to Glasgow on the 14:30 service. Unfortunately, the train was delayed for more than two hours due to a signal failure at Birmingham. The staff did make an announcement, but we did not receive clear information about how long the delay would last. When I finally arrived in Glasgow, it was almost 19:00, so I missed an important family event. I felt very frustrated and tired.
As the delay was clearly the company’s responsibility, I would like to claim compensation. I have attached a copy of my ticket. If you agree to a refund, I will provide my bank details. I expect a full refund of the ticket price. If a refund is not possible, I would accept a travel voucher for the same amount.
I hope to hear from you soon and that you will take this complaint seriously.
Yours faithfully,
Chen Wei
逐句标注
任务“I am writing to complain about a long delay”半正式投诉信开头，直接点明目的和事件。
任务“the train was delayed for more than two hours due to a signal failure”给出旅程细节和延误原因，覆盖第一个要点。
任务“I missed an important family event”解释延误造成的后果，覆盖第二个要点。
语法“If you agree to a refund, I will provide my bank details.”正确使用一类条件，展示语法能力。
衔接“If a refund is not possible, I would accept a travel voucher”用条件句提出替代方案，逻辑清楚。
任务“Yours faithfully”开头 Dear Sir or Madam 搭配 Yours faithfully，格式正确。
🎯 本档语言特征：字数充足（>160词），覆盖所有要求点。有效运用一类条件（if...will）和 unless 替代用法；连接词 unfortunately/so/as/if 使用得当；词汇尽力体现旅行话题；语气半正式得体。整体约 band 6。
↑ 再上一档：再往上一档可加入更复杂的复合句，例如 'Although the delay was caused by signal failure, I still believe compensation is fair.' 词汇可用更精确表达，如 'disruption' 代替 'delay'。
口语 Speaking
Part 1
Q: How do you usually travel to work or school?
I usually take the bus. It’s cheap and stops near my house. However, it can be very crowded in the morning, so I often check the timetable and leave early.
💡 简短回答后补充细节，用 However 和 so 连接句子。
Q: Have you ever been delayed while travelling?
Yes, a few times. Last month my train was delayed for an hour because of a signal failure. I was quite annoyed because I had a meeting. I ended up being thirty minutes late.
💡 现在完成开头引入话题，再用过去式描述细节。
Q: What do you think are the main causes of transport delays in your country?
I think bad weather and technical problems are the biggest reasons. In winter, trains often run late because of snow. Also, old equipment sometimes breaks down.
💡 用 I think 表达观点，列举两个原因，使用 because 和 also 连接。
Part 2 · 提示卡
Describe a time when you experienced a problem while using public transport. You should say: where you were going; what happened; what you did; and explain how you felt about it.
I’d like to talk about a problem I had last summer. I was going to Leeds by train to visit a friend. The journey was supposed to take two hours. But after about thirty minutes, the train stopped at a station and we were told that all trains ahead were cancelled due to a fallen tree on the line. At first, the staff didn't give us much information, which made everyone quite worried. Then they announced that buses would take us the rest of the way. I had to queue for a long time to get on a bus, and the bus was very overcrowded. In the end, I arrived three hours late. I felt really tired and disappointed because I lost half of my day. But at least I got a refund from the train company later.
💡 按时间顺序讲述，使用被动语态（we were told）、定语从句（which made everyone quite worried）和多种时态，情绪表达自然。
Part 3
Q: What can transport companies do to reduce delays?
I think they should check their equipment more often, so that things don’t break down suddenly. Also, when there is a delay, they should give passengers clear information as soon as possible. As long as people know what’s happening, they won’t get so upset.
💡 提建议后用 as long as 展示本课语法点，自然不突兀。
Q: Do you think it's fair that passengers can claim compensation for delays?
Yes, I do, unless the delay is caused by something the company can’t control, like very severe weather. But if it’s their fault, I think it’s reasonable to ask for a refund or a voucher. After all, we paid for a service.
💡 使用 unless 和 if 条件句进行两面分析，表达清晰。
高频短语
I am writing to complain about... — 投诉信开头常用句式
As long as you have your ticket, you can... — 旅行中确认条件时的表达
in the event of a delay — 正式说明延误情况时的短语
应试策略
5.5档写作需先确保覆盖所有要点，再尝试使用条件句和连接词。口语Part2按提示卡顺序讲述，适当加入感受词（disappointed/frustrated），阅读注意识别通知中的具体数字和条件。
本档提分建议
从5.5到6.5：①用 unless/as long as 代替简单的 if 结构；②在口语中加入至少一个定语从句（which made everyone worried）；③写作正文超过150词后，多写一句礼貌结尾（I look forward to...）展现交际能力。