globalisationn.B2
全球化
the impact of globalisation · economic globalisation
Globalisation has transformed the way businesses operate.
全球化改变了企业的运作方式。
学完能做到
- 就全球化利弊论证
- 多角度权衡
词汇 core 14 · expansion 20 · chunks 8
核心词 core
interconnectedadj.C1
相互联系的
an interconnected world · interconnected systems
The global economy is highly interconnected.
全球经济高度互联。
outsourcingn.C1
外包
job outsourcing · outsourcing of production
Outsourcing has led to both lower costs and job losses.
外包既降低了成本，也导致了失业。
homogeneousadj.C1
同质化的
a homogeneous culture · increasingly homogeneous
Critics fear that globalisation is making cultures more homogeneous.
批评者担心全球化使文化变得千篇一律。
multinationaladj.B2
跨国的
a multinational corporation · multinational companies
Multinational corporations often locate factories in low-wage countries.
跨国公司经常在低工资国家设厂。
inequalityn.C1
不平等
income inequality · global inequality
One argument against globalisation is that it increases inequality.
反对全球化的一个论点是它会加剧不平等。
exploitationn.C1
剥削
labour exploitation · environmental exploitation
There are concerns about the exploitation of workers in developing countries.
人们担忧发展中国家工人遭受剥削。
erodev.C1
侵蚀，削弱
erode traditions · erode local cultures
Some fear that global brands will erode local cultures.
有人担心全球品牌会侵蚀本土文化。
integrationn.C1
一体化，融合
economic integration · regional integration
Globalisation has led to greater economic integration.
全球化带来了更大程度的经济一体化。
migrationn.B2
移民，迁移
international migration · migration patterns
Migration is one aspect of globalisation.
移民是全球化的一个方面。
commodityn.C1
商品
a traded commodity · commodity prices
Oil is one of the most important commodities in global trade.
石油是全球贸易中最重要的商品之一。
diversityn.B2
多样性
cultural diversity · promote diversity
Globalisation can both promote and threaten cultural diversity.
全球化既促进又威胁文化多样性。
trade barriern.B2
贸易壁垒
remove trade barriers · trade barrier reduction
Reducing trade barriers is a key goal of globalisation.
减少贸易壁垒是全球化的一个关键目标。
outsourcev.C1
外包
outsource production · outsource jobs
Many companies outsource their customer service to overseas call centres.
许多公司将客服外包给海外呼叫中心。
扩展词库 expansion
stagnationn.C1
停滞
economic stagnation
liberalisationn.C1
自由化
trade liberalisation
subsidyn.C1
补贴
agricultural subsidy
offshoringn.C1
离岸外包
offshoring of jobs
cosmopolitanadj.C1
世界性的，国际化的
a cosmopolitan city
detrimentaladj.C1
有害的
detrimental effect
indigenousadj.C1
本土的，土著的
indigenous culture
marginalisedadj.C1
边缘化的
marginalised groups
protectionismn.C1
保护主义
trade protectionism
sweatshopn.C1
血汗工厂
sweatshop labour
tariffn.C1
关税
impose tariffs
transnationaladj.C1
跨国的
transnational corporation
homogenisationn.C1
同质化
cultural homogenisation
interdependencen.C1
相互依存
economic interdependence
fiscaladj.C1
财政的
fiscal policy
monopolyn.C1
垄断
corporate monopoly
disparityn.C1
差距
economic disparity
liberalisev.C1
使自由化
liberalise trade
trade deficitn.C1
贸易逆差
a widening trade deficit
capital flown.C1
资本流动
international capital flows
词块 / 生存短语 chunks
on balance总的来说
On balance, the benefits of globalisation outweigh the drawbacks.
总的来说，全球化的利大于弊。
all things considered综合考虑所有因素
All things considered, it seems clear that globalisation has improved living standards.
综合考虑，全球化的确提高了生活水平。
a double-edged sword双刃剑
Globalisation is often described as a double-edged sword.
全球化常被描述为一把双刃剑。
bridge the gap缩小差距
Technology can help bridge the gap between rich and poor nations.
技术有助于缩小穷国与富国的差距。
in the long run从长远来看
In the long run, protectionism may harm economic growth.
从长远来看，保护主义可能损害经济增长。
at the expense of以…为代价
Economic growth should not come at the expense of the environment.
经济增长不应以牺牲环境为代价。
play a vital role起关键作用
International trade plays a vital role in economic development.
国际贸易在经济发展中起关键作用。
a level playing field公平竞争环境
Critics argue that globalisation does not always create a level playing field.
批评者认为，全球化并不总能创造一个公平的竞争环境。
语法 语言升级点
Expressing balanced arguments: on balance / all things consideredC1
在论述利弊后给出一个权衡过的结论，展示思维的辩证性
使用 on balance / all things considered / taking everything into account 等短语来总结权衡后的观点
在讨论类写作或口语中，先呈现正反双方观点，再用这些短语引导出一个权衡后的立场。例如：While there are undeniable downsides, on balance, the integration brought by globalisation has been more beneficial than harmful. 这种表达让论证更成熟，避免绝对化。
例句
On balance, the economic benefits of globalisation appear to outweigh the cultural costs.
总的来说，全球化的经济利益似乎超过了文化代价。
All things considered, it is hard to argue against the increased connectivity that globalisation brings.
综合考虑，很难反对全球化带来的更紧密的联系。
常见错误
✗ On balance, globalisation is good, I think. → ✓ On balance, I believe that globalisation has been a force for good.
避免口语化、片段化，应写成完整、正式的句子。
↑ 提分：8.5档会结合条件句或让步句来进一步细化权衡，如：While it would be simplistic to claim that globalisation has benefited everyone, on balance, the evidence suggests that... 显示更缜密的逻辑。
Nominalisation and passive voice for objectivityC1
使论述更具客观性和正式感，适用于学术/正式语域
将动词/形容词转化为名词（如 globalise → globalisation, integrate → integration）并与被动语态结合（如 it is widely argued / it has been demonstrated）
名词化可将动作变为抽象概念，被动语态可隐藏施动者，两者结合常用于描述全球化带来的变化。例如：The liberalisation of trade has been accompanied by a significant increase in foreign investment. 避免使用过于个人化的表达。
例句
The removal of trade barriers has been linked to faster economic growth.
贸易壁垒的消除被认为与更快的经济增长有关。
It is often claimed that globalisation leads to cultural homogenisation.
常有人声称全球化导致文化同质化。
常见错误
✗ The globalisation of economy was increased by governments. → ✓ The globalisation of the economy has been facilitated by government policies.
名词化后搭配的动词要准确，increased 不自然，可用 facilitated / accelerated.
↑ 提分：8.5档能精准选择名词形式，并灵活结合 it is + 过去分词 + that 结构，像 it is commonly observed that... 让表达更地道。
阅读 Reading general interest
The Two Sides of Globalisation
Globalisation is a term that has been used to describe the increasing interconnectedness of the world's economies, cultures and populations. Driven by advances in transport and communication technology, it has transformed the way we live, work and trade. Yet, like many powerful forces, it has its advocates and its critics.
Supporters of globalisation point to the dramatic rise in living standards that has accompanied greater economic integration. Countries that have opened their borders to trade and investment have generally seen faster growth and reduced poverty. The spread of technology and knowledge across borders has also led to improvements in areas such as health and education. Moreover, consumers now enjoy a wider choice of goods at lower prices, thanks to global supply chains.
However, critics argue that the benefits are not evenly distributed. While some regions thrive, others are left behind. Low-skilled workers in developed countries often face job losses as companies outsource production to lower-wage economies. In developing nations, workers in export industries may endure poor working conditions and low pay. Furthermore, there are cultural concerns: the dominance of global brands can erode local traditions and reduce cultural diversity.
What is often overlooked is that globalisation is not a monolithic process; it can be managed. Policies that promote fair trade, protect workers' rights and encourage cultural exchange can tip the balance towards a more positive outcome. As one expert puts it, the question is not whether globalisation is good or bad, but how we can make it work for everyone.
monolithic单一庞大的、不可改变的tip the balance使天平倾斜，改变局面
TFNG1.Globalisation has led to higher living standards in every country.
✅ FALSE — 原文说 benefits are not evenly distributed，并非每个国家都受益。
MCQ2.According to the passage, one advantage of globalisation for consumers is
- A more job opportunities
- B cheaper goods
- C better working conditions
✅ B — 原文提到 consumers now enjoy a wider choice of goods at lower prices。
matching3.Match the viewpoint with the group — 'globalisation leads to job losses in developed countries' is attributed to ___.
✅ critics — 该观点在 critics 段落中提出。
TFNG4.The author believes globalisation can be controlled to achieve better results.
✅ TRUE — 最后一段指出 it can be managed，且通过政策可以取得更好结果。
💡 技巧：注意文中的观点归属：哪些是支持者说的，哪些是批评者说的，以及作者自身的观点（通常在结尾段）。MCQ 和 matching 题常考观点识别。
听力 Listening Section 2 · UK
情景：一家咨询公司的项目经理向社区代表介绍新工厂对当地的影响（Section 2 独白）
Speaker
Good evening, everyone. My name is James Holden and I'm here on behalf of GlobalTech to talk about the proposed factory and how it might affect your community. I know there's been a lot of debate, so I want to address both the opportunities and the concerns.
Speaker
Let's start with the positive side. The factory will create over 300 local jobs, which means more spending power in the area. We'll also be offering training programmes to help people develop new skills. And we hope to source some of our supplies from local businesses.
Speaker
Now, I am aware that some residents worry about increased traffic and environmental impact. We have planned to invest in road improvements and we're committed to meeting all environmental standards. We'll also set up a community fund to support local projects.
Speaker
I appreciate that change can be unsettling, but I believe that with the right measures, this development can bring lasting benefits to the area. I'll now take any questions you might have.
gap_fill1.The factory will create more than ___ jobs.
✅ 300 — 原文说 over 300 local jobs。
MCQ2.How does the speaker plan to address traffic concerns?
- A by building a new railway station
- B by investing in road improvements
- C by offering bus passes
✅ B — 原文提到 invest in road improvements。
gap_fill3.A community fund will support local ___.
✅ projects — 原文说 set up a community fund to support local projects。
matching4.Match the measure with its purpose: training programmes → ___.
✅ develop new skills — training programmes 的目的是帮助人们 develop new skills。
💡 技巧：Section 2 常为介绍性独白，注意预判空格词性（数字、名词）。多选题注意排除未提及的选项。
写作 Writing Task 2 (essay) · 目标 250 词
Some people say that globalisation is making the world a better place, while others believe it has negative effects. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Whether globalisation is a force for good or ill is a subject of intense debate. Proponents argue that it has brought unprecedented economic growth and cultural exchange, while critics point to growing inequality and the loss of local identity. Both perspectives have merit, and a balanced assessment is essential.
On the one hand, the benefits of globalisation are hard to dismiss. The integration of global markets has lifted millions out of poverty, particularly in Asia and Latin America. Consumers everywhere enjoy a wider variety of goods at lower prices, and the spread of technology has improved healthcare and education in many regions. Moreover, increased travel and communication have fostered greater cross-cultural understanding.
On the other hand, the drawbacks are significant. In developed countries, manufacturing jobs have often been relocated to lower-cost nations, causing unemployment and social strain. In developing economies, workers may face exploitation in sweatshops. Culturally, the dominance of Western brands can homogenise local traditions, eroding diversity. It is also true that the rich have often gained more than the poor, widening the gap.
In my opinion, the question is not whether globalisation is inherently good or bad, but how it is managed. With proper regulations — such as fair trade agreements, labour standards and environmental protections — the negative impacts can be mitigated. Taken as a whole, globalisation has the potential to benefit all, provided that its costs are addressed. On balance, therefore, I believe that pragmatic policies can make it a positive force.
逐句标注
词汇“Whether globalisation is a force for good or ill”精炼导入争议，用 for good or ill 代替简单的 good or bad。
语法“The integration of global markets has lifted millions out of poverty”名词化（integration）+ 主动语态，凝练清晰。
衔接“On the one hand / On the other hand”经典对比结构，清晰呈现两方观点。
语法“It is also true that the rich have often gained more”it is + adj. + that 结构用于引出事实，客观。
CC+LR“On balance, therefore, I believe that”本课语法点：用 on balance 表达权衡后的立场。
🎯 本档语言特征：结构清晰，正方反方各一段，立场段给出条件性结论。词汇精准（unprecedented, homogenise, mitigate），名词化与被动适当，衔接自然。接近 band 8。
↑ 再上一档：已达7.5+水平。若升 8.5，可在论证中加入具体例子（非编造数据），句式进一步变化，如用倒装或更复杂的条件句。
口语 Speaking
Part 1
Q: Is your country affected by globalisation?
Absolutely. You can see the influence everywhere, from the fast-food chains on every corner to the clothes people wear. It's a mixed picture, though — some industries have benefited while others have struggled to compete.
💡 用 absolutely 自然肯定，mixed picture 体现辩证思维。
Q: Do you think globalisation is a good thing?
That's a hard question to answer in simple terms. I think on balance it's positive, because it has opened up opportunities, but I can see why people are worried about things like job losses and cultural homogenisation. It's a bit of a double-edged sword, really.
💡 用 on balance 和 double-edged sword，符合本课语法和词汇。
Part 2 · 提示卡
Describe a product from another country that you use. You should say: what it is; where it comes from; how you use it; and explain why you like it.
One product I use daily that comes from abroad is my smartphone. It's designed in the United States but manufactured in China, which is a classic example of global supply chains. I use it for just about everything — communication, work, photography, even booking travel. What I like most about it is how seamlessly it connects me to the world. I can video-call friends on another continent, use apps to translate languages, and access information instantly. It's one of those items that really embodies globalisation at its best. Of course, there are ethical concerns about production, but as a user, it's undoubtedly made my life easier and more connected.
💡 从头到尾紧扣全球化主题，用上 global supply chains, embodies globalisation 等词汇，内容具体且自然。
Part 3
Q: How has globalisation changed people's eating habits?
It's had a profound effect. In many cities, you can now find cuisines from all over the world, which has broadened people's palates. At the same time, global fast-food chains have made diets more uniform, sometimes at the expense of local food traditions. So it's a mix of enrichment and, to some extent, loss of diversity.
💡 使用 profound effect, broadened palates, at the expense of，语言精准，观点平衡。
Q: Do you think globalisation will continue in the future?
I think it's inevitable, but its form might change. Advances in technology mean that the world will stay interconnected, but there could be a push towards more sustainable and fair trade practices. Ultimately, I believe we'll see a more managed form of globalisation, not an end to it.
💡 用 inevitable, push towards, managed form，预测有分寸。
高频短语
a double-edged sword — 双刃剑（用于表达利弊兼具）
on balance — 总的来说（用于给出权衡后的观点）
at the expense of — 以…为代价（用于指出负面影响）
应试策略
应对全球化等争议话题，务必展示辩证思维。写作时用 on balance 等短语自然引出立场，避免一边倒。口语中多用 hedging（I think, to some extent）让语气委婉。
本档提分建议
从7.5到8.5：① 句式更丰富，比如适当使用倒装、虚拟语气；② 词汇避免重复，多用同义词（如 globalisation 换成 integration, interconnectedness）；③ 论证中加入具体的例子或原因解释，而不是仅罗列观点。