requestn./v.B1
请求，要求
make a request · a written request
I sent a request for a day off.
我提交了请一天假的请求。
学完能做到
- 书面请假/请求调整
- 转述同事的话
词汇 core 13 · expansion 16 · chunks 4
核心词 core
absencen.B2
缺席，缺勤
during one's absence · without a valid reason
Please let me know if you need to report an absence.
如果你需要报告缺勤，请告诉我。
colleaguen.A2
同事
a close colleague · work with colleagues
My colleague offered to cover my shift.
我的同事主动提出替我的班。
shiftn.B1
轮班，当班时间
a morning shift · pick up an extra shift
I have to work the late shift tomorrow.
我明天得上晚班。
rotan.B2
值班表
check the rota · put on the rota
The new rota hasn't been published yet.
新的值班表还没公布。
coverv./n.B1
代替，覆盖
cover a shift · provide cover
Can you cover my shift on Friday?
你能在周五替我的班吗？
approvev.B2
批准
approve a request · get something approved
My manager hasn't approved my leave yet.
经理还没批准我的请假。
denyv.B2
拒绝
deny access · strongly deny
The company denied my request for a transfer.
公司拒绝了我的调职请求。
schedulen./v.B1
日程安排
a busy schedule · schedule a meeting
Let me check my schedule first.
让我先查一下我的日程安排。
overtimen.B1
加班
work overtime · overtime pay
We often do overtime during busy periods.
我们在忙季经常加班。
dutyn.B1
职责
on duty · daily duties
It's my duty to train new employees.
培训新员工是我的职责。
reportv.B1
报告，转述
report something to someone · report back
I need to report this issue to the supervisor.
我需要向主管报告这个问题。
messagen.A2
信息
leave a message · get the message
She left a message for you about the meeting.
她给你留了条关于会议的信息。
扩展词库 expansion
meetingn.A2
会议
attend a meeting · run a meeting
deadlinen.B1
截止日期
meet a deadline · tight deadline
teamn.A2
团队
work as a team · team member
supervisorn.B2
主管
report to a supervisor · immediate supervisor
departmentn.B1
部门
head of department · department meeting
notifyv.B2
通知
notify someone in advance
permissionn.B1
许可
ask for permission · with permission
flexibleadj.B1
灵活的
flexible working hours
workloadn.B2
工作量
heavy workload · manage workload
policyn.B1
政策
company policy · follow the policy
proceduren.B2
程序
standard procedure · follow a procedure
trainingn.B1
培训
on-the-job training · attend training
orientationn.B2
入职培训
new-employee orientation
performancen.B1
表现，绩效
performance review · good performance
staffn.B1
员工
staff meeting · all staff
transferv./n.B2
调动，转移
ask for a transfer · job transfer
词块 / 生存短语 chunks
work overtime加班
Most of the staff had to work overtime last weekend.
大部分员工上周末不得不加班。
take a day off请一天假
I'd like to take a day off next Tuesday for a personal appointment.
下周二我想请一天假，有个私人预约。
pass on a message转达消息
Could you pass on a message to John when you see him?
你见到约翰时能帮我转达个消息吗？
get back to someone再与某人联系
I'm not sure about my schedule yet. I'll get back to you tomorrow.
我还不确定我的日程，明天再回复你。
语法 语言升级点
Reported statementsB1+
把某人说过的话转述给另一个人，强调内容而非原话
主语 + said (that) + 从句 或 told + 人 + (that) + 从句；动词一般往过去推一步
在职场需常转述同事或经理的话。say 后面不加人，tell 后面必须加人。注意时态变化：现在一般 → 过去一般（'I need a day off' → She said she needed a day off）。
例句
My colleague said that she could cover my shift.
同事说可以替我的班。
The manager told us to come early on Monday.
经理让我们周一早点来。（注意 tell 后接不定式）
He said the meeting had been moved to 3 pm.
他说会议已经改到下午3点。
常见错误
✗ She said me that she was tired. → ✓ She told me that she was tired.
say 不能直接跟人作宾语，要用 tell。
✗ He said he will come. → ✓ He said he would come.
主句过去时，从句也要用过去的某种时态（will → would）。
↑ 提分：再高一档可掌握更多引导词（如 explain, complain, promise）和更复杂的时态呼应。
Obligation and necessity (have to / must / should / ought to)B1+
表达必须做的事、强制的职责，或建议
have to + 动词原形 / must + 动词原形 / should + 动词原形 / ought to + 动词原形
工作规则常用 have to 表示外部要求（You have to submit the form by Friday），must 强调个人感觉的强制（I must finish this today），should/ought to 表建议（You should ask your manager first）。
例句
We have to follow the company policy on leave.
我们必须遵守公司请假政策。
You must call if you can't come to work.
如果你不能来上班，必须打电话。
You should let your supervisor know in advance.
你应该提前告知你的主管。
常见错误
✗ You don't must work tomorrow. → ✓ You don't have to work tomorrow.
must 的否定式 mustn't 表禁止（不许），不是「不必」。「不必」用 don't have to。
↑ 提分：再高一档可区分 mustn't 与 don't have to，并用 be supposed to, be required to 等更丰富的表达。
阅读 Reading workplace email
Staff Leave Request
To: All staff
From: Maria Santos, HR Manager
Subject: New procedure for leave requests
Dear colleagues,
I am writing to let you know about a small change to our leave request process, starting from next Monday.
From that date, all leave requests must be submitted through the new online form, which you can find on the intranet under ‘My HR’. You must fill in the form at least three working days before your planned absence. If you need a day off urgently, you should speak to your line manager first, and then complete the form as soon as possible.
Once you have submitted the form, your manager will either approve or deny the request within 24 hours. You will receive an email notification to let you know the decision.
Please remember that it is your responsibility to find cover for your shift if your manager approves your leave. You may swap shifts with a colleague, but you both must inform the shift supervisor by email.
If you have any questions, please get in touch with the HR team.
Best regards,
Maria Santos
intranet内部网line manager直属经理notification通知cover替班swap交换
TFNG1.Staff can ask for leave verbally instead of using the form after next Monday.
✅ FALSE — 邮件说所有请假必须通过新的在线表格提交，不能口头请假。
gap_fill2.For an urgent day off, employees should first talk to their ___ .
✅ line manager — 原文 If you need a day off urgently, you should speak to your line manager first。
MCQ3.What is the employee's responsibility after leave is approved?
- A to tell the HR team
- B to find someone to cover their shift
- C to change the online form
✅ B — 邮件说 it is your responsibility to find cover for your shift。
TFNG4.An employee can change shifts with a colleague without telling anyone else.
✅ FALSE — 原文 you may swap shifts ... but you both must inform the shift supervisor，所以必须通知其他人。仅改班不通知是错误的。
gap_fill5.If the request is submitted online, staff will receive a(n) ___ within 24 hours.
✅ email notification — 原文 You will receive an email notification ... within 24 hours。
💡 技巧：工作邮件往往有新规定或流程变化。重点读清时间点、谁需要做什么、有哪些条件（如 if 从句）。扫读时留意动词：must / should / need / have to，这些词常是作业与判断题的考点。
听力 Listening Section 3 · AUS
情景：员工与管理层讨论排班调整与请假请求（Section 3 工作讨论）
Manager
Hi Sam. I got your request for leave next Monday. Can we talk about it for a moment?
Sam
Sure. I have a personal appointment I can't really change.
Manager
That's fine, but we're really short-staffed on Monday. Have you tried to find someone to cover your shift?
Sam
Actually, I spoke to Alex yesterday, and he said he could do my morning hours. But he finishes at two, so we would still need someone for the afternoon.
Manager
Right. I'll check the rota. Patricia is off as well, so we might have to call in one of the casuals.
Sam
That sounds like a plan. I can ring Patricia and ask if she can swap her day off, if you want.
Manager
Good idea. But remember, you must fill out the online leave form before the end of today. That's the new rule.
Sam
I've already filled it in this morning. I just need you to approve it.
Manager
Perfect. I'll do that now. Just make sure you pass on Alex's offer to HR for the shift swap.
Sam
Will do. Thanks.
gap_fill1.Sam has a personal ___ next Monday.
✅ appointment — Sam 说 I have a personal appointment。
MCQ2.What problem does the manager mention about Monday?
- A Too many staff are sick
- B There is not enough work
- C There are not enough staff
✅ C — 经理说 we're really short-staffed on Monday，意为人员不足。
gap_fill3.Alex can work Sam's morning hours but not the ___.
✅ afternoon — Sam 说 he could do my morning hours. But he finishes at two, so we would still need someone for the afternoon。
TFNG4.Patricia is also absent on Monday.
✅ TRUE — 经理说 Patricia is off as well，所以 Patricia 也休假。
gap_fill5.The leave form must be submitted by the end of ___.
✅ today — 经理说 you must fill out the online leave form before the end of today。
💡 技巧：Section 3 常涉及多人讨论和工作安排，要注意谁说了什么，以及不同人的承诺或条件。听到 like/said/might have to 时，区分已确定和未确定的计划。
写作 Writing Task 1 (letter)（semi-formal） · 目标 160 词
You need to take a day off work for a personal reason. Write a letter to your manager. In your letter: - explain why you need the day off - suggest how your work could be covered - say when you will be back at work
Dear Mr Taylor,
I am writing to request a day off on Friday, 14 October. A family matter has come up that I need to deal with personally, and I cannot put it off.
I have already spoken to my colleague, Emily, who said she could cover my morning shift. For the afternoon, I could prepare a brief handover for any urgent tasks. I also asked James if he could help, and he told me he would be happy to step in if necessary.
I understand that we are quite busy at the moment, so I have tried to organise this with as little impact on the team as possible. If there is anything else I should do, please let me know and I will sort it out before Thursday evening.
I will be back at work as usual on Monday, 17 October. I would be grateful if you could approve this request.
Yours sincerely,
Tom Chen
逐句标注
语法“who said she could cover my morning shift”用关系从句补充说明 Emily，且 used reported speech (she could)，语法正确。
语法“he told me he would be happy to step in”转述话语正确使用 told me + would，时态呼应到位。
词汇“with as little impact on the team as possible”impact 为话题词汇，体现对工作影响的考虑。
衔接“I would be grateful if you could approve this request.”礼貌提出期望，同时使用了 if 条件句，逻辑清晰。
🎯 本档语言特征：覆盖三个要点，分段合理。用词准确（cover, shift, handover），转述同事的话时使用 reported speech，情态动词 could/would 正确。整体语气半正式，称呼与结尾匹配。长度~170词，接近目标。
↑ 再上一档：再往上一档可再加入一些复杂的句式（如分词状语 Having checked the rota, ...），并用更多样化的词汇（如 unforeseen circumstances，apologies for the inconvenience）。
口语 Speaking
Part 1
Q: Do you work or are you a student?
I'm working full-time at the moment. I'm a customer service assistant in a retail company.
💡 直接回答状态并简单介绍职位，可以自然地给出细节。
Q: What do you usually do at work to communicate with your colleagues?
Mostly by email or messaging apps. But for urgent things, I usually just walk over to their desk or give them a quick call.
💡 用 but 转折说明不同情况下的沟通方式，体现灵活使用连接词。
Q: Is there anything you don't like about your job?
I don't enjoy the paperwork, to be honest. It takes a lot of time and I find it a bit boring. But I understand it's necessary.
💡 诚实回答并给出理由，最后用 but 缓和语气。
Part 2 · 提示卡
Describe a time when you had to ask for a change to your work schedule. You should say: - what the situation was - why you needed the change - how you asked for it - and explain what the result was.
I'd like to talk about a time I needed to swap my shift. This happened about two months ago. I was supposed to work the late shift on a Friday, but a close friend of mine was getting married that evening. So I really couldn't miss it. I knew it was short notice, but I thought I should try to arrange a swap. I approached a colleague, Mark, who I get on well with. I asked him if he could take my late shift, and I offered to cover his morning shift the following Monday. He agreed straight away, which was a huge relief. Then I told our manager what we had arranged, and she said she was fine with it as long as we both confirmed by email. In the end, everything went smoothly, and I was very grateful to Mark for helping me out.
💡 按提示点顺序叙述，使用了 reported speech (he said she was fine with it)、关系从句、过去完成，展示了多种时态。结尾总结感受。
Part 3
Q: Why is communication important in the workplace?
Good communication is essential because it helps avoid mistakes. For example, if someone doesn't pass on a message, a task might not get done, which could cause problems for the whole team. It also helps people feel valued when they are kept informed.
💡 先给观点，再用条件句举例，最后补充另一原因，结构完整。
Q: Should employers be flexible with workers' schedules? Why?
I think they should, within reason. Life is unpredictable, and sometimes people need to look after a sick child or go to a doctor's appointment. If employers allow some flexibility, staff are often happier and more productive. However, it can be difficult in jobs where a set number of staff is needed at all times, like a hospital.
💡 给出平衡的观点：支持但有限制，用 However 引出反面情况。
Q: How can companies improve communication between staff?
They could set up a regular team meeting where everyone shares updates. Also, I think it's important to have an open-door policy so that staff feel comfortable talking to managers directly. In many companies, too much communication happens by email, which can be confusing.
💡 提出两个建议，并用 also 连接；最后用 In many companies 指出现状，自然展开。
高频短语
I was supposed to... — 表示原本被安排做某事（但实际上没做）
cover someone's shift — 替某人的班
keep someone informed — 让某人知晓（信息）
open-door policy — 开放沟通政策（随时可找上级谈话）
应试策略
5.5档写作注意书信格式准确，半正式语域要避免过于随意或过于正式的词。阅读中注意条件句和 must/should 的指令。听力 Section 3 多人对话要跟上发言者切换，提前划出问题中的关键词。口语中多使用本课语法点（转述同事的话）可作为加分项。
本档提分建议
从5.5迈向6分：①大胆使用 reported speech 转述他人所说，但务必注意时态变化；②情态动词不要混淆，尤其 don't have to（不必）和 mustn't（禁止）；③书信分段清楚，每个要点充分展开一两句；④口语回答避免一句话结束，尝试用 and, but, so, because 连接观点。