accommodationn.B1
住处、住宿
rented accommodation · student accommodation
I'm looking for cheap accommodation near the city centre.
我正在市中心附近寻找便宜的住处。
学完能做到
- 看懂租房通知中的条款与规定
- 听懂住户与房东就设施问题的对话
- 写一封正式的投诉信，说明住房问题并要求维修
- 在口语中描述一次住房相关的麻烦经历
词汇 core 13 · expansion 16 · chunks 4
核心词 core
landlordn.B1
房东
contact the landlord · a private landlord
My landlord agreed to fix the broken window.
我的房东同意修理那扇破了的窗户。
tenantn.B1
租户、房客
a new tenant · the previous tenant
The landlord gave the tenant a copy of the contract.
房东给了租户一份合同副本。
leakv./n.B1
漏水；泄漏
a gas leak · the roof is leaking
There is a leak under the kitchen sink.
厨房水槽下面漏水。
repairv./n.A2
修理、修补
carry out repairs · repair the damage
The repair of the heating system took two days.
暖气系统的修理花了两天时间。
damagen./v.B1
损坏、破坏
cause damage · extensive damage
The storm caused damage to the roof.
暴风雨对屋顶造成了损坏。
heatingn.B1
暖气系统
central heating · the heating is not working
We had no heating for three days during the winter.
冬天我们有三天没有暖气。
appliancen.B1
电器、家用电器
household appliances · a faulty appliance
The washing machine is the only appliance that doesn't work.
洗衣机是唯一不工作的电器。
emergencyn./adj.B1
紧急情况
an emergency call · in case of emergency
Please call this number in an emergency.
如遇紧急情况请拨打这个号码。
complaintn.B1
投诉
make a complaint · handle complaints
I have sent a written complaint to the landlord.
我已经给房东寄了书面投诉。
urgentadj.B1
紧急的
an urgent repair · in urgent need
This matter is urgent, please reply as soon as possible.
这件事情很紧急，请尽快回复。
resolvev.B1
解决
resolve a problem · resolve quickly
I hope we can resolve this issue soon.
我希望我们能尽快解决这个问题。
maintenancen.B1
维修、维护
regular maintenance · maintenance work
The building needs regular maintenance.
这栋楼需要定期维护。
扩展词库 expansion
dampadj.B2
潮湿的
damp walls
mouldn.B2
霉菌
black mould
plumbern.B1
水管工
call a plumber
electriciann.B1
电工
hire an electrician
infestationn.B1
虫害侵扰
an insect infestation
crackn.B1
裂缝
a crack in the wall
depositn.B1
押金
a security deposit
contractn.B1
合同
a tenancy contract
renewaln.B2
续约
contract renewal
noisyadj.A2
吵闹的
noisy neighbours
radiatorn.B1
暖气片
turn on the radiator
adjustmentn.B1
调整
make an adjustment
inconveniencen.B1
不便
apologise for the inconvenience
reportv./n.B1
报告、上报
report a problem
fixv.A2
修理
fix the issue
arrangev.B1
安排
arrange a visit
词块 / 生存短语 chunks
burst pipe爆裂的水管
A burst pipe caused flooding in the kitchen.
一条爆裂的水管导致厨房水浸。
out of order出故障、坏了
The lift has been out of order for a week.
电梯已经坏了一周了。
be unable to不能、无法
I am unable to use the shower because the water pressure is too low.
我无法使用淋浴，因为水压太低。
get in touch with联系
Please get in touch with the property manager to report the fault.
请联系物业经理报告故障。
语法 语言升级点
Past continuous vs past simpleB1
用过去进行描述在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作；一般过去描述在过去某一时间点完成的动作。两者常搭配使用，表示一个动作进行时另一个动作发生。
was/were + V-ing (过去进行)；V-ed (一般过去)
在描述住房问题时常说「我正在做饭时水龙头坏了」，就要用过去进行+一般过去。通常用when连接：I was cooking when the tap broke. 注意：两个长动作同时进行时，都用过去进行（While I was reading, my roommate was watching TV）。
例句
I was having a shower when the water suddenly stopped.
我正在冲澡的时候水突然停了。
While I was sleeping, a strange noise woke me up.
我睡觉的时候，一个奇怪的声音把我吵醒了。
常见错误
✗ I was slept when she called. → ✓ I was sleeping when she called.
过去进行用was/were + 现在分词(-ing)，不是过去分词。
↑ 提分：再高一档可用过去完成进行(I had been waiting for hours)强调动作持续到过去某一时刻。
Past perfect (intro: by the time)B2
表示在过去某个动作或时间之前已经完成的动作，强调「过去的过去」。
had + 过去分词；常与by the time、already、before连用
当你要说「我搬进来之前暖气就已经坏了」，就要用过去完成：The heating had already broken before I moved in. 用by the time引入过去时间点：By the time the plumber came, the water had already spread everywhere.
例句
By the time I noticed the leak, the floor had already started to rot.
到我发现漏水时，地板已经开始腐烂了。
I had never experienced such a problem until I moved into this flat.
在我搬进这套公寓之前，从没遇到过这种问题。
常见错误
✗ When I arrived, the meeting already started. → ✓ When I arrived, the meeting had already started.
start发生在arrived之前，要用过去完成表示先于过去动作。
↑ 提分：下一步可学习过去完成被动：The damage had been caused by the storm.
阅读 Reading notice
Tenancy Agreement — Maintenance and Repairs
As a tenant, you must report any damage or fault in the property to the landlord or property manager as soon as possible. Please use the emergency number only for urgent issues such as a burst pipe, gas leak, or total loss of power.
For non-urgent repairs (e.g. a dripping tap or a broken cupboard), please send an email or fill in the online repair request form. We aim to respond within two working days and arrange a visit within five working days.
The landlord is responsible for the repair of the structure, heating system, and any appliances that were provided with the property. However, if damage is caused by misuse, the tenant may have to pay for the repair. Small tasks such as changing light bulbs or replacing batteries in the smoke alarm are the tenant's responsibility.
If you are not satisfied with the repair service, you can make a formal complaint to the property manager. You should include details of the issue, dates of previous contact, and any photos of the damage.
fault故障、毛病dripping tap滴水的龙头misuse使用不当
TFNG1.You should call the emergency number if the power goes out.
✅ TRUE — 通知说total loss of power属于紧急情况，应拨打紧急电话。
TFNG2.The landlord must repair broken light bulbs.
✅ FALSE — 最后一句说换灯泡是租客的责任。
MCQ3.How quickly does the landlord promise to respond to non-urgent repair requests?
- A within one working day
- B within two working days
- C within five working days
✅ B — 文中说We aim to respond within two working days。注意是回复，不是上门修，五天内是安排上门。
gap_fill4.If a repair is needed because the tenant used the appliance incorrectly, the tenant may have to ___ for it.
✅ pay — 原文...the tenant may have to pay for the repair.
💡 技巧：这类通知常包含责任划分和时限。阅读时注意分清「房东负责」和「租客负责」，以及紧急与非紧急情况的处理方式。数字（如天数）常成为考点。
听力 Listening Section 1 · UK
情景：租客打电话给房东太太报告厨房漏水，并约时间维修（Section 1 事务对话）
Landlady
Hello, Anne speaking.
Tenant
Hi, it's Tom here, from the flat on Park Road. Sorry to bother you, but I've got a problem with the kitchen sink.
Landlady
Oh, what's happened?
Tenant
Well, I was washing the dishes last night when I noticed water dripping from the pipe under the sink. By the time I finished, the floor was quite wet.
Landlady
That sounds like a leak. Have you turned off the water supply?
Tenant
Yes, I did that straight away, so it's not getting worse, but I can't use the sink now.
Landlady
Right. I'll call a plumber and ask them to come round as soon as possible. Would tomorrow morning work for you?
Tenant
Tomorrow morning is fine. Thank you very much.
gap_fill1.The tenant noticed the leak when he was washing the ___.
✅ dishes — 他说I was washing the dishes last night when I noticed...
gap_fill2.The tenant turned off the ___ supply to stop the leak.
✅ water — 房东问Have you turned off the water supply? 回答Yes.
MCQ3.What is the plumber expected to do?
- A come tomorrow afternoon
- B come tomorrow morning
- C come immediately
✅ B — 房东提议Would tomorrow morning work for you? 租客同意，所以是明天上午。
gap_fill4.The tenant lives on ___ Road.
✅ Park — 开头说from the flat on Park Road。
💡 技巧：Section 1 对话常包含行动描述和时间安排。注意记录解决方法（如关水闸）和约定的具体时间（明天上午）。听到数字/时间立即做笔记。
写作 Writing Task 1 (letter)（formal） · 目标 160 词
You are renting a flat from a landlord. The heating system has been broken for over a week, and your requests for repair have not been answered. Write a letter to your landlord. In your letter: - explain what the problem is - describe how it has affected you - say what you would like the landlord to do.
Dear Mr Harris,
I am writing to draw your attention to a serious problem with the heating in my flat. I reported the issue eight days ago, but it has still not been resolved.
The central heating stopped working on 12 March. Since then, the temperature inside the flat has dropped to around 12 degrees, which is extremely uncomfortable. I have been unable to sleep properly, and my children have both caught colds. I tried putting on extra clothes and using a small electric heater, but the flat remains very cold.
As the weather is still freezing, this is now an urgent matter. I would like to request that you arrange for a heating engineer to visit as soon as possible. If the repair cannot be carried out within two days, I would ask you to provide temporary heating units at your expense.
I hope to hear from you shortly.
Yours sincerely,
Maria Gonzalez
逐句标注
任务“I am writing to draw your attention to a serious problem”正式书信开头，清晰表明目的。
词汇“have been unable to sleep”使用chunk 'be unable to' 表达能力缺失，较高级。
衔接“If the repair cannot be carried out within two days, I would ask you to provide...”一类条件句，逻辑衔接顺畅。
语法“I would like to request that you arrange for a heating engineer to visit”复合句，使用that引导宾语从句，符合B1+要求。
🎯 本档语言特征：使用现在完成（has stopped/have caught）、过去进行（tried putting）、条件句、多种连接词（since then/as/if）；词汇准确（unable to, urgent, at your expense）；格式正确。整体约band6。
↑ 再上一档：向6.5+提升：可加入过去完成（I had been waiting for a week before I wrote this letter），并增加更具体的情绪描述词汇（exasperated, relentless）。
口语 Speaking
Part 1
Q: Do you live in a house or a flat?
I currently live in a small flat on the third floor. It's quite modern, but the walls are a bit thin, so sometimes I can hear my neighbours.
💡 描述住所类型并补充一点小缺点，展示but连接。
Q: What is the biggest problem in your home?
The biggest problem at the moment is the damp in the bathroom. I have reported it to the landlord, but it hasn't been fixed yet. It's quite annoying because it makes the room smell.
💡 用现在完成描述已报告但未解决，结合原因because。
Q: Have you ever had a problem with your accommodation?
Yes, a few months ago the washing machine broke down. I was doing my laundry when it just stopped. I called the landlord, and he sent someone to repair it the next day.
💡 过去进行+一般过去描述修理事件，是很好的语法展示。
Part 2 · 提示卡
Describe a time when you had a problem with accommodation. You should say: where you were living; what the problem was; how it affected you; and explain how the problem was solved.
I'd like to talk about a problem I had last winter when I was living in a shared house. One evening, I was cooking dinner while my housemate was taking a shower. Suddenly, the kitchen lights went out, and so did the power in the living room. At first I thought it was a power cut, but the other rooms were fine. We realised there was a fault with the wiring. It was very inconvenient because we couldn't cook or watch TV that evening. We had to use candles and order takeaway food. The next day, I contacted our landlord. He sent an electrician the following afternoon. By the time the electrician arrived, we had already moved the furniture away from the damaged area. He fixed the problem within an hour. It turned out that some wires had overheated. The landlord apologised and promised to upgrade the system. Since then, everything has been working fine.
💡 使用了过去进行(were taking a shower)、一般过去(went out)、过去完成(had already moved)和现在完成(has been working)，展示时态多样性。
Part 3
Q: What are some common household problems?
Common issues include leaks, damp, and broken appliances. In older houses, problems with heating or wiring are also very frequent. I think noise from neighbours or traffic can also be a big issue, especially in cities.
💡 列举并分类问题，用include和also列举，衔接自然。
Q: Why do some landlords delay repairs?
There could be several reasons. Some landlords may not live nearby, so it's hard for them to organise repairs quickly. Others might try to save money, especially if the damage is not urgent. In some cases, it could simply be that they are too busy and forget. On the other hand, good landlords understand that quick repairs help avoid bigger problems.
💡 多层次分析原因，使用On the other hand进行对比，适合B1+。
高频短语
I am writing to draw your attention to... — 正式投诉信开头，引起注意
I have been unable to... — 强调能力缺失，比can't更正式
By the time... had already... — 表达过去的过去，提升时态复杂度
应试策略
写作Task 1 formal letter：确保称呼与签名一致（如Dear Mr Smith -> Yours sincerely）。投诉信结构：问题描述 -> 影响 -> 期望解决方案。阅读注意责任划分和数字信息。听力Section 1重视问题细节和后续安排。口语中主动使用过去进行和过去完成展现语法能力。
本档提分建议
从5.5到6.5：① 在书信和口语中，尝试使用过去完成（had done）和过去进行；② 避免简单重复good/bad，多用inconvenient、urgent、unable等词汇；③ 用because, so, however, on the other hand 连接想法，增加连贯性。